1. RHINOLOPHUS. 109 rufus) the upper margin of the connecting process, which does not rise above it ; terminal leaf short and broadly triangular, sides slightly convex, almost straight. Lower lip with a single groove. Wings remarkably wide ; wing-membrane from the ankle. Tail short and contained, except the extreme tip, within the interfemoral membrane, the posterior free margin of which is concave. Fur uniformly dark brown above and beneath, very long and dense. Length, head and body 2’°7, tail 0-9, head 1”, ear 1", antitragus 0'4, nose-leaf 0':7x0'-45, forearm 2':2, thumb 0'°35, third finger 33, fifth finger 3”, tibia 1”, foot 0-5. Hab. India (Masuri, Darjiling, Khasia and Garo hills, Tupai Mukh), Tibet, Yunan (Hotha).
This Bat (easily recognised by the great length of its fur, in which it resembles /h. luctus) appears to be an inhabitant of very elevated hill-countries, extending from the N.W. Himalaya, Tibet, and Assam to the mountain-tracts lying between Burma and China. The type has lain for many years in the collection of the East- India House, packed away among other objects of natural history, until very recently, quite inaccessible to any one. This, and the very imperfect description by Mr. Horsfield, have led to other names being applied to this very well-marked species, which I immediately recognised on examining the type.
8. Rhinolophus rufus.
Rhinolophus rufus, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1861, p. 710; Dobson. Monogr. Asiat, Chiropt. p. 44 (1876).
Rhinolophus euryotis, Peters (non Temminck), l.c. 1861, p. 710. Rhinolophus arcuatus, Peters, J. c. 1871, p. 305. Ears large, as long as the head, very acute; antitragus separated from the outer margin by a deep acute-angled emargination. Noseleaf large, the horseshoe concealing the muzzle, deeply divided in front; the central erect process of the sella rather broad, with parallel sides and rounded summit, meeting the superior margin of the posterior connecting process (which is not raised above it) at the same level. Lower lip with three grooves.
Wing-membrane from the tarsus.
Fur reddish brown or dark brown above and beneath, moderately long and dense.
Length, head and body 3”, tail 1", head 1”, ear 1”, nose-leat 0-8 x 0':5, forearm 2''1, third finger 3:2, fifth finger 2'°7, tibia 11, foot 05.
Hab. Philippine Islands (Luzon).
Type in the collection of the Berlin Museum.
Rh. arcuatus, Peters, differs from Rh. rufus in size only, and is probably a local form of the same, as Scotophilus luteus, Blyth, and Se. temminckii, Horsf.
This species resembles Rh. pearsonw closely in size and in the form of the nose-leaf, but may be at once distinguished by the
110 RHINOLOPHID.&.
additional grooves in the lower lip, and by the very different quality of the fur, which is not longer than in Rh. ferrum-equinum. a, ad. sk., in al. Manilla. J. Gould, Esq. tp 2 6. ad. sk, Manilla. J. Gould, Esq. [P.].
ce. f imm,, al. Philippine Islands.
(Labelled Riinolophus arcuatus, Peters.)
9. Rhinolophus macrotis.
Rhinolophus macrotis (Hodgson), Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiii. p. 485; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 45, figs. a, b (1876). Ears very large in proportion to the size of the animal, subacutely pointed; outer margin slightly concave immediately beneath the tip, then convex, separated below from the well-developed antitragus by a moderately deep notch; nose-leaf large, horseshoe portion concealing the upper lip, as in Rh. luctus; anterior flat surface of the central leaf broad, maintaining the same breadth from the horizontal part between the nostrils to its rounded termination above; upper edge of the posterior vertical process obtusely conical, equalling or scarcely exceeding in height the anterior process; terminal process of the posterior nose-leaf ovate, subacutely pointed. ‘Wing-membrane from the ankles ; interfemoral membrane square or slightly triangular behind; extreme tip of tail free. Length (of an adult ¢ preserved in alcohol), head and body 1'"7, tail 0'"8, head 0°75, ear 0'°85 x 0':55, antitragus 0':25, noseleaf 0-5 x0'"3, forearm 1'°6, third finger 2'-2, fifth finger 2”, thumb 0'°25, tibia 0'°7, foot 0'°35.
Hab. Himalaya (Nipal, Masuri).
The ears and nasal membranes are in this small species larger in proportion to the size of the animal than in any other species of the genus.
Type in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. a. 3 ad, al. Nipal. ? B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
10. Rhinolophus megaphyllus.
Rhinolophus megaphyllus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 52; Append. to Grey’s Journal of two Expeditions in Australia, p. 405; Gould, Mammals of Australia, iii. pl. 33 (1853); Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1871, p. 807.
Ears equal to the head in length, subacutely pointed; the extremity of the ear not attenuated, outer margin concave for a short distance beneath the tip, then slightly convex; antitragus large, separated by a deep notch. Horseshoe-shaped membrane broad, concealing the muzzle, with a small notch in front, behind which a slightly raised narrow ridge extends backwards to the base of the sella; anterior vertical process of the sella slightly narrowed above the middle, rounded off above; summit of the connecting-process rounded, scarcely exceeding the anterior vertical process, and clothed
1. RHINOLOPHUS. 111 with a few short hairs; sides of the terminal process of the posterior leaf concave. Lower lip with three grooves. Wings from the metatarsus. Interfemoral membrane square behind or slightly convex ; tail scarcely projecting.
First upper premolar in the centre of the rather wide space between the canine and second premolar, larger than in most other species of the genus, and slightly internal; second lower premolar minute, in the tooth-row.
Length (of an adult ¢), head and body 2”, tail 1”, head 0'"8, ear 0'°8, nose-leaf 0'°65 x 0'"35, forearm 1-9, thumb 0'"3, third finger "75, fourth finger 2'-35, fifth finger 2-45, tibia 0'°8, foot 0'°35. Hab. N.E. Australia (Peak Downs, Moreton Bay, Richmond River, Clarence River).
This species is closely allied to RA. affinis, and is evidently its Australian representative. It is, however, easily distinguished by the shape of the ears, the inner margin of the ear-conch maintains its convexity from the base to the tip, which is consequently not so acute nor so clearly defined as in Rh. affinis, in which the terminal one sixth of the inner margin is flattened; by the greater size of the horseshoe-shaped portion of the nose-leaf, which quite conceals the muzzle and is distinctly notched in front; and by the attachment of the wing-membrane to the metatarsus instead of to the ankle as in RA, affinis.
a, ad. sk. e). (Figured in Voy. ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror.’) b. ad. sk. nu : eae le G. Bennett, Esq. [P.].
ec. fo ad, al. Peak Downs, Queensland. Godeffroy Museum. d. 9 ad., al. Gayndah, Queensland. Godeffroy Museum. e. ad. sk, Moreton Bay. Purchased.
f. ad. sk. Clarence River, N.S. Wales. Purchased. g. ad, sk. Richmond River, N.S. Wales.
Var. a.
Rhinolophus truncatus, Peters, MB, Akad. Berl. 1871, p. 307. Slightly smaller than specimens of Rh. megaphyllus from Australia, and the summit of the vertical process of the sella is truncated, not rounded off.
Length, ear 0'-7, forearm 1'-7, third finger 2"-6, fifth finger 2”:2, tibia 0-7, foot 0°35.
Hab. Batchian Island.
a, b,c. ad. sks. Batchian Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. Var. £.
About the size of the preceding, or even smaller, and the summit of the vertical process of the sella is broadly rounded off, much broader than the base, and not exceeded in height by the low rounded crest of the connecting-process. Wings from the ankles.
112 RHINOLOPHID &.
Hab. North Celebes ; Goram Island.
a, b. 9 ad. sks. Menado, N. Celebes. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. ce. ad, sk, Goram Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. 11. Rhinolophus affinis.
Rhinolophus affinis, Horsfield, Zool. Researches in Java (1824); Temminck, Monogr. Mamm. ii. p. 31 (1835) ; Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1871, p. 806; Dobson, Monogr, Asiat. Chiropt. p. 47 (1876). Rhinolophus rouxii, Temminck, l. c. p. 80a et 6. Rhinolophus rubidus et cinerascens, Kelaart, Prodr. Faune Zeylanice, p. 18 (1852).
Ears somewhat shorter than the head, acute, the outer margin not deeply hollowed out beneath the tip ; antitragus large, separated by a deep angular incision. Horizontal horseshoe-shaped membrane moderate, not extending so far in front or laterally as to conceal the sides of the muzzle when viewed from above, yet larger than in Eh. ferrum-equinum ; vertical front surface of the sella maintaining the same width upwards, rounded off above, exceeded in height by the summit of the laterally flattened connecting-process, which forms a rounded-off angle from which a few hairs arise; terminal nose-leaf rather short, the subacute triangular terminal process with slightly concave sides (Plate VII. fig. 5). Lower lip with three distinct grooves.
Wing-membrane from the tarsus or ankle, or from the tibia higher up. Interfemoral membrane square or slightly angular behind; tail wholly included, or projecting by the extreme tip. Fur variable in colour, greyish brown or reddish brown or even golden orange-brown, the hairs darker towards their extremities. Rh. cinerascens, fulvidus, et rubidus, Kelaart, were founded on these differences in the colour of the fur.
Length, head and body 2'"3, tail 0":9, head 0'-95, ear 0'-75, antitragus 0'°28, nuse-leaf 0'°55 x 0'"35, forearm 2"1, thumb 0'"35, third finger 3'°25, fifth finger 2'"7, tibia 0'°95, foot 0’°48. Hab. Peninsula of India, from the Himalaya to Cape Comorin (inhabiting hill-tracts) ; Ceylon, Burma, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Type in the collection of the Museum of the E.I. Comp. at South Kensington.
a. ad. sk. India. Purchased.
b. ad. sk. eT ee ec. 9 ad., al. arjiling. . Blyth, Esq. [P.].
d. . ad., al. Nipal. B. a cise, Tay [P.].
e-g. ad. sks. Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart | P.].
h. Q ad., al. Ceylon. Purchased.
(Labelled Rhinolophus ceylonicus.)
a. fo ad, al. Ceylon. Purchased.
jk & & Q ad, al. Ceylon. Purchased.
l. d ad., al. Ceylon.
m, ad. sk. Pinang. Dr. Cantor [P.].
n, fo ad, al. Sumatra,
1. RHINOLOPHUS. 113 0, p. ad. sk. Java. Purchased.
qr. S&O ad, al. Borneo, L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. 8, t. ad. sk. Parzudalki Coll.
u,v. fo ad., al w. ad. sk. No history.
a. skull. India. Capt. Boys.
y. skull of w.
z. skeleton. Ceylon.
12. Rhinolophus andamanensis.
Rhinolophus andamanensis, Dobson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1872, p- 3387; Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 46, fig. a (1876). Like Rh. affinis generally ; but the anterior horizontal horseshoeshaped membrane is very broad, completely concealing the muzzle when viewed from above, as in Rh. pearsonii; the posterior terminal leaf is also much longer, produced backwards between the ears, and Hae concave on the sides as in Rh. affinis. The thumb is also much onger.
Fur bright reddish brown above and beneath. Length (of an adult ¢, the type), head and body 2'°5, tail 0’-9, head 1:05, ear 0'"85, nose-leaf 0"°75 x 0'"45, forearm 2'°05, thumb 0":45, third finger 3'"2, fifth finger 2’°5, tibia 1", foot 0'5. Hab. Southern Andaman Island.
Type in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 13. Rhinolophus acuminatus.
Rhinolophus acuminatus, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1871, p. 308; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 51 (1876). Ears somewhat shorter than the head, acute though not attenuated at the tip; antitragus large, separated by a deep angular incision. Horizontal horseshoe-shaped nose-leaf not so broad as the muzzle ; vertical part of the sella maintaining almost the same breadth upwards and rounded off above, exceeded considerably in height by the upper margin of the posterior connecting-process, produced into an acute point as in Rh. euryale, though not so long; posterior terminal leaf short, terminal process consisting of a short narrow projection. Lower lip with three vertical grooves. Wings from the metatarsus almost from the base of the toes. Interfemoral membrane deeply concave behind ; tail wholly contained within the membrane.
Fur dark brown above, paler beneath. ; Length, head and body 2'1, tail 0-9, ear 07, antitragus 0"-25, forearm 1'-9, thumb 0'°3, third finger 2"-7, fifth finger 2'"4, tibia 0'"8, foot 0'-4, nose-leaf 0'"5 x 0'"32.
Hab. Java. .
Type in the collection of the Berlin Museum.
114 RILINOLOPHID.®.
14. Rhinolophus petersii.
Rhinolophus petersii, Dobson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 337; Monogr, Asiat. Chiropt. p. 49, figs. a, b (1876). Ears acutely pointed, with an emargination immediately beneath the tip; antitragus large, separated from the outer margin by a deep angular incision. Nose-leaf as in Ah. acuminatus, except the upper border of the posterior connecting-process, which is much less acute. Lower lip with three vertical grooves.
Wings from the ankles; interfemoral membrane slightly triangular behind ; extremity of the tail free, projecting abruptly one tenth of an inch beyond the membrane.
Fur dark brown above, greyish brown beneath.
Length (of an adult ¢ preserved in alcohol), head and body 2'5, tail 1”, ear 0'"75, antitragus 0'°3, forearm 2”, thumb 0'°4, third finger 2”-8, fifth finger 2’5, tibia 0-9, foot 0-5, nose-leaf 0'-55 x 0°35, Hab. Unknown.
Type in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. A specimen in the collection labelled ‘‘ Gold Coast, Dr. A. Smith,” is apparently not distinguishable from this species. It agrees with it in external structure and differs but slightly in measurements :— Length, head and body 2'"2, tail 0'-9, ear 0'"65, forearm 1':85, thumb 03; third finger—metacarp. 1'"35, 1st ph. 0°55, 2nd ph. 0-85; fifth finger—metacarp. 1-33, 1st ph. 0:45, 2nd ph. 0'°55; tibia 0°85, foot 0°45, nose-leaf 0-5 x 0"3.
15. Rhinolophus minor.
Rhinolophus minor, Horsfield, Zoolog. Researches in Java (1824) ; Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. ii. p. 35 (1835-41) ; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 50 (1876).
Rhinolophus cornutus, Temmanek, 1. ¢. p. 37.
Rhinolophus borneensis, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1861, p. 709. Ears slightly shorter than the head, subacutely pointed, concave for a short distance beneath the tip; antitragus large, separated by a deep angular notch ; horizontal nose-leaf as in Rh. affinis ; vertical process of the sella maintaining the same width upwards, its summit rounded off, much exceeded in height by the upper margin of the posterior connecting-process, which forms an acute projection ; posterior nose-leaf small, terminating in a short narrow process. Lower lip with three vertical grooves.
Wings from the ankles; interfemoral membrane square or slightly concave behind ; tip of the tail scarcely projecting. Fur light brown above, greyish brown beneath.
In the type specimen the second lower premolar stands in the tooth-row, and is visible without the aid of a lens. In other specimens, which differ in no other respect from the type, I have found this tooth external to the tooth-row, as in most species of this genus,
1. RHINOLOPHUS. 115 while other specimens agree with the type in having the second lower premolar in the tooth-row. In one specimen I have observed this tooth partially external. I therefore regard this character as a variable one, in this species at least.
The upper margin of the posterior connecting-process of the sella is more acute in some specimens of this species than in others; and the form of the posterior free margin of the interfemoral membrane varies, as in Rh. affinis, also, from being slightly concave to square, or even to a slight angularity.
The following Table exhibits, in the first column, the measurements of the type specimen, a dried skin; in the second, those of an adult female from Burma, with the second lower premolar half external; in the third, those of an adult male, with the second lower premolar very small and quite external to the tooth-row :— I. Il. Til.
Length, head and body ace 16 15 sit RAUL oes saetedsy wees auessaseumanstwonoeneerec es 0-7 07 ase | NOAGY “sun rowng sarees auseacdardac ona cuka wane sancanenes 0-7 0-68 5 iis, MIOBM cats cicwud bara caleash iaaeae an ee Tea ade aaa Roepe ase 0°55 0:53 si. MOBE“lOALy so. eicsescasecssenseacts siezeeereteesveceeeses 0-45 0°43 Breadth, nosd-leal: cvs co.cc cessaxcwensnadvssusorsscveonenusacs’ she 0°26 0°25 Length, forearm .........csccesecssscrsececserensenetonsecaeenes 1-45 1:45 1:43 x - hum boscevenctascaveedes seveseersucsest is ceavsssedecess 0-2 0:2 0-2 » third finger, metacarpal .......:..seeeeereeereer ees 1:0 10 1:05 5 Ist phalanx .........ssseeeeeeeeeeeee es 0-4 0:42 0-42 Bs is Ond). 45 - > avivaeegescsmececesimeecen 06 0-6 0-6 » fifth finger, metacarpal ........-:.eeeeseeeeeeeeee 1:05 10 1-05 as * Ist phalanx ...........sseeeeeeeeceeeee 0:35 0:35 0°35 5 3 DNAs 55 wa dvG ca seateeayerenemsncins 04 0-4 0-4 5 tibia: cecijaccancaneshanscicuhavanvasoucetosevesectetas ore 06 06 06 Ba,UkOObS=.cescesccaveiaiearereseascarcnesesseenscwarewenate0°250-250-25 Hab. Peninsula of India, Yunan, Burma, Siam, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Japan.
Rhinolophus pusillus, Temminck, is not a synonym of this species (as stated in my Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera), but of Rh. hipposideros, as I have determined by direct comparison of the types of this species and of Rh. pusillus in the Leyden Museum. a. 9 ad., al. Malabar coast, India. Purchased.
4. ad. sk. India. Purchased.
ec. ad. sk. Siam. Purchased.
d,e. b ad., al.
FX ad., al.
g. skull of 8.
16. Rhinolophus garoensis.
Rhinolophus garoensis, Dobson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 337 ; Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 48, figs. u, b, ¢ (1876). Ears acutely pointed, with a large antitragus as in Fh, affinis. Anterior vertical process of the sella maintaining the same breadth upwards and rounded-off above, considerably exceeded in height by i2
116 RHINOLOPHID.E.
the upper edge of the connecting-process, which develops a long acutely pointed projection; terminal portion of the posterior leaf broad, with straight sides, forming almost an equilateral triangle. Wing-membrane from the ankles ; interfemoral membrane square behind ; extreme tip of the tail free.
The second lower premolar stands in the tooth-row, and, although much smaller than the first premolar, is not minute. The type of this species was obtained by Major H. H. Godwin- Austen in the Garo hills; and the following measurements show it to be probably the smallest known species of the genus :—Length, head and body 15, tail 0-7, head 0’-6, ear 05, antitragus 0'2, noseleaf 0-4 x 0'°2, forearm 1'°3, thumb 0'"2, third finger 2”, fifth finger 1"°7, tibia 0'°6, foot 0'°3.
Hab. Garo hills, Assam ; Himalaya (Masuri).
This small species is closely allied to Rh. minor, Horsfield, from which the broad terminal portion of the nose-leaf, not emarginate on the sides, distinguishes it.
Type in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 17. Rhinolophus euryale.
Rhinolophus euryale, Blasius, Archiv fiir Naturg. i. p. 49; Fauna Deutschl. p. 85 (1855) ; Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1871, p. 308; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 51 (1876). Ears acutely pointed but not attenuated at the tip; the antitragus shallow, separated from the outer margin by an obtuse angular notch, as in Rh. ferrum-equinum; nose-leaf small; sides of the vertical portion of the sella straight, summit rounded, considerably exceeded in height by the upper margin of the connecting leaf, which develops a long narrow acutely pointed process; posterior terminal leaf moderately long, concave on the sides towards the subacute extremity (Plate VII. figs. 6, 6 a).
Interfemoral membrane square behind; the extreme tip of the tail projecting. Wings from the tibie above the ankles. Above dark reddish brown, beneath light brown. Length, head and body 2”, tail 0'9, ear 0:8, forearm 1'8, thumb 0”:3, third finger 2'"8, fifth finger 21, tibia 0-75, foot 0'-35, noseleaf 0"°5 x 0'"28.
Hab. Europe (south of the Alps); Asia Minor (Syria); Northern Africa.
a,b. 6 & 9 ad, al. Monti Pisan. Marquis Doria. ec. G ad., al. Liguria. Lord Lilford [P.}.
d. f ad., al. Southern Europe.
e. ad. sk. Syria. Dr. Staudinger [C.].
J Gad, al. Lake of Galilee. Canon Tristram [C. }. g. & ad, al. Euphrates valley. Col. Chesney Ee h. 3 ad., al. Parzudaki Coll.
t. & skeleton. Liguria. Lord Lilford [P. }.