8. SCHIZOSTOMA. 477 though well developed, is not expanded or free in front, as in Vampyrus, and the wing-membrane is attached to the extremities of the tibise or to the sides, not the backs, of the feet. Synopsis of the Species.
a. The second phalanx of the middle finger equal or nearly equal to the first.
a', Calcaneum longer than the foot.
a". Wings from the tarsus or metatarsus.
a". Forearms and legs hairy; the second phalanx of the middle finger slightly shorter than the first; forearm 1"6.. 1. Sch. hirsutum, p. 477. 6". Forearms and legs naked; the second phalanx of the middle finger slightly longer than the first; forearm 1-45. 2, Sch. megalotis, p. 478. b'. Caleaneum shorter than the foot.
6". Wings from the tibiz.
ce", Forearms and legs naked; the first and second phalanges of the middle finger exactly equal in length; fore- Sr BO shi ieee alone eens 3. Sch. minutum, p. 479. 5. The second phalanx of the middle finger conspicuously longer than the first.
e', Calcaneum much shorter than the foot.
e", Wings from the tarsi; forearms and legs nearly naked ; forearm 1'"85........ 4, Sch, behnit, p. 479. 1. Schizostoma hirsutum.
Schizostoma hirsutum, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1869, p. 396. Muzzle narrow, cylindrical, the crown of the head slightly vaulted ; horseshoe-shaped nose-leaf adherent to the muzzle in front, but with a distinct anterior margin; the erect lancet-shaped leaf as broad in its broadest part as the horseshoe, abruptly narrowed in its upper third and terminating shortly in a subacute point, surface smooth, no central ridge, covered with a few almost invisible hairs which are most abundant along its margin: ears slightly longer than the head, united by their inner and posterior sides by a low band concealed by the fur of the head ; lower half of the inner margin of the ear-conch very convex, upper half less convex, broadly rounded off above ; the outer margin slightly convex, terminating in a line with the angle of the mouth, midway between the base of the tragus and the eye; tragus narrowed upwards, reaching its greatest breadth slightly above the base of the outer margin, with a slight notch forming a very small lobule opposite the base of the inner margin ; ehin with two longitudinal naked elevations converging below and enclosing between them a deep V-shaped groove. _ ; Metacarpal bone of the thumb equal to the remaining part in length ; metacarpal bones of the third and fourth fingers equal, the fifth metacarpal shorter; first phalanx of the middle finger very slightly longer than the second.
Wings Roa the metatarsus; calcaneum slightly longer than the
478 PILYLLOSTOMIDZE.
foot; tail of four vertebrae, scarcely half the length of the interfemoral membrane, on the upper surface of which the last short vertebra projects.
The face is very hairy; the nose-leaf is dusted over with fine hairs, most abundant on the horseshoe and along the edges; the sides of the muzzle bristle with hairs, which form a short fringe along the upper lip; the humerus and the muscular part of the forearm are covered with long hairs, and short hairs cover the remaining part of the forearm to the carpus, becoming much longer and denser on the metacarpal bone of the thumb, fine short hairs also extending to the base of the claw of the thumb and along the whole extent of the middle finger, also upon the legs and backs of the feet to the base of the claws.
Incisors as in Vampyrus spectrum, but not crowded; the first lower premolar exceeds the third as much as the third exceeds the second.
(For measurements see Table, p. 480.)
Hab. Unknown. ‘Type in the collection of the Paris Museum. 2. Schizostoma megalotis.
Phyllophora megalotis, Gray, Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. 1842, p. 237; Voyage of the ‘ Sulphur, Mammalia, p. 18, pl. v. fig. 2 (1844). Phyllostoma elongata, Gray (non Geoffroy), Ann. §& Mag. Nat. Hist. 1842, p. 257.
Phyllostoma elongatum, Gray, Voy. ‘ Sulphur, p. 19, pl. viii. fig. 2. Mimon megalotus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 14; Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. p. 406 (1847).
Phyllostoma scrobiculatum, Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Stiugeth. v. p. 627. Micronycteris megalotis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 118. Schizostoma elongatum, Gray, J. c. p. 115.
Schizostoma megalotis, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1866, p. 672. Head as in Sch. hirsutwm, the horseshoe-shaped portion of the nose-leaf narrower, in width equal to half the length of the whole leaf, its front edge continuous with the underlying integument and separated by a narrow space from the margin of the lip; the erect lancet-shaped leaf broader in its broadest part than the horseshoe, abruptly narrowed and terminating in a very acute point; front surface of the leaf smooth, without a longitudinal ridge, and naked; ears as long as the head, united by their inner and posterior sides by a band 0'°12 deep ; form of the ear-conch and tragus as in Sch. hirsutum (Plate XXIV. fig. 5).
Metacarpal bone of the thumb longer than the phalanx, enclosed in the antebrachial membrane; metacarpal bones of the third, fourth, and fifth fingers equal, the bones of the fourth finger equal respectively to those of the fifth; the first phalanx of the middle finger very slightly shorter than the second.
Wings from the tarsus; calcaneum slightly longer than the foot ; tail and interfemoral membrane as in Sch. hirsutum. The fur of the body scarcely extends upon the membranes, which, with the extremities, are almost quite naked.
8, scHIZOSTOMA. 479 Upper middle incisors faintly notched on the outer side of their extremities ; lower premolars nearly equal, the first slightly larger than the third, which, again, is slightly larger than the second (Plate XXVIL. fig. 35).
(For measurements see Table, p. 480.)
r fon Mexico ; Central America (Honduras, Guatemala) ; Brazil; olivia.
a, 6. ad. sks. Mexico. M. Sallé [C.].
e. Q ad, al. Bay of Honduras.
d. ad. sk., in al. Duefias, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. (C.]. e. @ ad, al. Dueiias, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. bord f. ad. sk. Brazil.
g. d?ad, al. Brazil. (Micronycteris megalotis, Gray.) A. ad. sk. Atacamis. Capt. Kellett [P.].
t. ad. sk. (Type of Phyllophora megalotis, Gray.) Earl of Derby [P.]. Jj. ad. sk. (Mimon megalotis, Gray.) Purchased. 3. Schizostoma minutum.
Schizostoma minutum, Gervais, Expéd. du Comte de Castelnau, Zoologie, p. 50, pl. vii. fig. 1, pl. x. figs. 5, 5a (1855). Slightly smaller than Sch. megalotis, the head, ears, and nose-leaf very similar to those of that species ; but easily distinguished by the greater length of the foot, the shorter calcaneum, and the quality and distribution of the fur.
Second phalanx of the middle finger exactly equal to the first in length; metacarpal bone of the thumb equal to the remaining parts; metacarpal bones of the third, fourth, and fifth fingers equal, as in Sch. megalotis.
The wing-membrane scarcely extends to the extremity of the tibia; the calcaneum is shorter than the foot, and the latter is comparatively larger than in the preceding species. Fur longer than in Sch. megalotis; the muscular part of the forearm, which in that species is almost quite naked, is here well clothed on both sides. Above, brown, the base of the hairs ashy white; beneath, ashy.
Teeth as in Sch. megalotis.
(For measurements see Table, p. 480.)
Hab. Brazil.
a, b. ad. sks. Sta. Catherina, Brazil.
c-e. ad. sks. Brazil.
f. go Pad, al. South America. Mr. Brandt [C.]. 4, Schizostoma behnii.
Schizostoma behnii, Peters, MB, Akad. Berl. 1865, p. 505. Larger than any of the preceding species, but with comparatively shorter ears, the ear-conch being slightly shorter than the head, externally flatly emarginate, and terminating in a lobule separated from the outer margin by a shallow notch, as in Sch. megalotis and the other species. Horseshoe-shaped part of the nose-leaf well de-
480 PHYLLOSTOMID.E.
veloped, its front margin bound down to but not continuous with the integument beneath, much broader than the lancet-shaped leaf, which is acutely pointed. Chin with two large naked prominences, as_in other species; but in the deep groove between them are three small round warts.
Second phalanx of the middle finger conspicuously longer than the first; caleaneum much shorter than the foot; tail as in Sch. hirsutum; wing-membrane extending to the tarsus. The fur of the body extends outwards as far as the middle of the humerus, and to the same extent, but thinly, upon the wing-membrane; the muscular part of the forearm, the extremity of the femur, and the tibia appear naked or clothed only with a few fine hairs. Above, brown; beneath, brownish grey; on the upper surface at the base white, then brownish, succeeded by a yellowish-white band, the extremities of the hairs brown; beneath, the hairs are whitish at the base, then brown, with brownish-grey extremities. (For measurements seo Table below.)
The above description is taken from Dr. Peters’s notes on the single type specimen sent to him by Prof. Behn. Hab. Cuyaba ; Cosnipata *.
a. Pad. sk. Cosnipata. Purchased.
S. hir- 8. mega- 8. minu- if sutum. lotis, tum. 8. behnii.
Length, head and body.............0.06. 2:2 1:95 18 2°45 ba BALL. -angetshaaten ceomtee seam eaens 06 0°55 05 0:55 of. SOA: A die cccsbsasiteesacenecesese 0°85 08 oe 09 So. LORL. “Auvetuecavccssciuamonmacennes 0:95 0°75 0-7 08 fs PPAQUB! wasisseestsnasces se svernes 0:3 0:3 0°25 0°32 jy: MOSO*1OAL cc vocuecsnchesercteaeves 0:35 0-4 03 0-4 Breadth of nose-leaf ...........c.csceeees 0:23 0-2 0-2 0:26 Length, forearm. ..........ccccseceseeseeee 16 1-45 1:35 1:85 ig HHUMD Gore cesssoceserusmcncavense 0°5 04 0:36 0:45 » third finger, metacarpal...... 13 1:25 11 16 5 $5 ‘s Ist phalanx ... O7 06 0:45 0-6 ‘3 * 3. wd: 43 v =0°65 0°63 0-45 08 ss 45 iat, SOE hs a. OD 0-4 0-4 0:48 », fourth finger, metacarpal ... 1:3 1-25 1-1 15 os na 5 Ist phalanx ... 0°55 0-5 0:35 0:5 ¥ 3 4 Qnd , Swiss OH 0-4 0-4 06 » fifth finger, metacarpal...... 1-45 1:25 11 16 55 x§ 5 Ist phalanx ... 0°55 05 0-4 0-48 5 A a end. 55 wo O04 0-4 0°35 0:45 gy. HADI Saat svacadeaeveexoaccedexeoes 0-7 06 0°55 0-7 yo = CaNCATICUM oes eee ee eee 05 0°45 03 0:3 ap. “LOOb rate seesonecneevveunmanascscoee 0:45 0°38 0-4 0°48 The above measurements of Sch. hirsutum and Sch. minutum were taken by me from the types preserved in the Paris Museum; those of Sch. megalotis from a large female specimen obtained by Mr. Salvin from Guatemala, which I had compared with the type (an example of a not full-grown male); and those of Sch. behnit from Dr. Peters’s original description of that species. * The specimen from Cosnipata was found by me in the Collection while these pages were passing through the press.
9, TRACHYOPS. 481 9. TRACHYOPS.
Trachops, Gray, P. Z. 8.1847, p. 14; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 406 (1847), Trachyops, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1865, p. 512. < Muzzle shorter than in Vampyrus; horizontal portion of the noseleaf narrow in front of the nostrils, the erect leaf well developed ; lower lip and chin with a longitudinal groove in front, margined by a double row of warts; muzzle with numerous conical warts; ears large, separate: the first phalanx of the middle finger shorter than half the metacarpal bone; interfemoral membrane well developed, extending far beyond the tail, which appears upon its upper surface.
ws 4 1-1 2-2 3-3 Dentition. Ine. 3, c. =, pm. 5, m. 5.
The second lower premolar small, internal.
This genus is, as yet, represented by a single species only, of wide distribution. It approaches Phyllostoma closely in dentition, but the form of the skull is different, more produced in front, narrower between the postorbital fosse, and the brain-case more vaulted ; the first phalanx of the third finger is much longer in comparison with the metacarpal bone than in Phyllostoma, and the metacarpal bone of the fifth finger is more conspicuously longer than that of the third than in any other genus of this group. 1. Trachyops cirrhosus.
Vampyrus cirrhosus, Spix, Simiar. et Vespertil. Brasil. p. 64, pl. xxxvi. fig.
111.
Trachops fuliginosus, Gray, P.Z. S. 1847, p. 14; Ann, § Mag. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 406 (1847).
Tylostoma mexicana, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. xii. p. 484 (1860). Trachyops cirrhosus, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1865, p. 512. Crown of the head distinctly elevated above the face-line, muzzle cylindrical ; the distance between the eyes is equal to the distance of the eye from the end of the muzzle; ears large, oval, broadly rounded off above, longer than the head; outer and inner margins of the ear-conch convex, the inner margin strongly convex in the lower third, the outer margin slightly concave opposite the tragus ; lower half of the outer margin of the tragus unevenly lobed and toothed, the upper third abruptly narrowed and acutely pointed; nose-leaf in general outline similar to that of Phyllostoma hastatum, but much less developed in front; the erect ovate-lanceolate leaf acutely pointed, finely toothed on the edges; horizontal leaf narrow in front of the nostrils, bound down to the muzzle, margined by numerous wart-like projections ; front and sides of the lips studded with small warts, which lessen in number and become smaller towards the angle of the mouth; lower lip and chin with a central longitudinal groove margined laterally and beneath by a great number of small prominent warts (Plate XXV. fig. es I
482 PHYLLOSTOMID 2.
Wing-membrane extending to the tarsus; calcaneum three fourths the length of the foot; interfemoral membrane large, slightly concave between the ends of the calcanea; tail as long as the thumb, of four short vertebre contained in the upper surface of the interfemoral membrane.
Fur, above, dark reddish brown, the base of the hairs whitish, the extreme tips slightly ashy ; beneath, paler brown to the base of the hairs, the extremities ashy.
Upper middle incisors large, slightly notched, occupying by their bases nearly the whole space between the canines; outer incisors very small, scarcely visible without a lens, not raised above the gum; lower incisors equal, not crowded (Plate XXVL fig. 4); first upper premolar about half the size of the second, the cusp directed slightly obliquely forwards and downwards, on the whole like that of Phyllostoma hastatum ; molars acutely tubercular, with well-defined Wshaped cusps; first lower premolar three fourths the third in vertical extent, but exceeding it in cross section; the second premolar scarcely as large as one of the lower incisors, internal to the toothrow, and not visible from without (Plate XXVI. figs 4a,46). With the exception of this small second lower premolar, the teeth are very similar to those of Phyllostoma hastatum.
Length (of an adult 2 from Bermuda), head and body 3”, tail 0°55, head 1'"15, ear 1'°3, tragus 0'°5, forearm 2'°35, thumb 0-6; third finger—metacarp. 1'"8, 1st ph. 0'85, 2nd ph. 1'"15, 3rd ph. 0°75; fourth finger—metacarp. 1°85, lst ph. 0-65, 2nd ph. 0-8; fifth finger—metacarp. 2”, 1st ph. 0:65, 2nd ph. 0'"7; tibia 0-95, caleaneum 0''°55, foot 0’°65.
Hab. Mexico; Island of Bermuda; Columbia (Bogota); Brazil (Para, Pernambuco). Said also to inhabit South Carolina; but the evidence on this point is not sufficient.
a. © ad, al. Bermuda.
b-e, ad. sks. Bogota, Columbia. O, Salvin, Esq. [C.]. 10. PHYLLODERMA.
Phylloderma, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1865, p. 613. Guandira, Gray, P. a 1866, p. 114.
Muzzle abruptly narrowed in front of the eyes; chin with a V-shaped space margined by small warts ; nose-leaf narrow in front, bound down to the muzzle; ears separate ; tail perforating the interfemoral membrane and appearing upon its upper surface ; wingmembrane from the side of the foot close to the base of the toes ; first phalanx of the middle finger much less than half the length of the metacarpal Ligieas 2-2 3—3 Dentition. Inc. * ae =, pm. 5-3, M. 5.
Skull much broader between the postorbital fosse than at any part in front of the orbits.
10. PHYLLODERMA. 483 This genus, founded on a single species, approaches Phyllostoma very closely in general external form, but the very different shape of the skull (as first pointed out by Dr. Peters)’ and the dentition at once distinguish it.
1. Phylloderma stenops.
wee eds stenops, Peters, MB, Akad. Berl. 1865, p. 513; 1866, p-674.
Guandira cayanensis, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1866, p. 114. Nearly as large as Phyllostoma hastatum, and very closely resembling that species in general external form ; the ear-conch and tragus are almost quite similar, the chin has also a V-shaped naked space margined by warts, the wing-bones have very nearly the same relative proportions, and the fur agrees in quality and even in colour*. The nose-leaf is, however, smaller and narrower, and its front margin is bound down to the muzzle; the head is abruptly narrowed in front of the eyes, and the wing-membrane extends almost to the base of the toes, Fur limited to the body and to the proximal half of the upper surface of the humerus, short, dark brown above, pale greyish brown at the base of the hairs; beneath shorter, and pale brown with greyish extremities throughout : membranes dark brown. Upper middle incisors with notched cutting-edges, the outer incisors very short, filling up the space between the middle incisors and the canines ; lower outer incisors equal to the middle pair in vertical extent, but not half their diameter in cross section (Plate XXIV. fig. 6); upper premolars as in Phyllostoma hastatum, but there are three lower premolars, whereof the second is minute and stands in the tooth-row.
Length (of the type of Guandira cayanensis, Gray), head and body about 3'°5, tail 0-7, ear 0-9, tragus 0'"35, forearm 2'"75, thumb 0"-55; third finger—metacarp. 2''45, 1st ph. 0'°85, 2nd ph. 1'"2, 3rd ph. 0-9; fourth finger—metacarp. 2'-35, 1st ph. 0''-6, 2nd ph. 0":9 ; fifth finger—metacarp 2'"5, Ist ph. 0-6, 2nd ph. 0'"65; tibia 11, caleaneum 0°55, foot 0°65.
(The measurements of the type of Phylloderma stenops, Peters, are slightly greater, so that it appears probable that the type of Guandira cayanensis is not full-grown, although the bones of the wings seem perfectly ossified.)
Hab. Brazilian Subregion (Cayenne).
a. fo ? ad. sk. Cayenne.
(Type of Guandira cayanensis, Gray.)
* Tn the single male specimen in the Collection there appears to be a glandular opening in the middle of the neck, as in Phyllostoma hastatum. 212
484 PHYLLOSTOMIDZ.
11. PHYLLOSTOMA.
Phyllostoma, Geoffroy, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1865, p. 514. Muzzle much shorter than in Vampyrus ; horizontal portion of the nose-leaf well developed, free in front and on the sides, vertical part lanceolate; ears moderate, separate; lower lip with a V-shaped groove in front margined with warts; first phalanx of the middle finger not one third the length of the metacarpal bone, and much shorter than the second phalanx ; wing-membrane extending to the feet ; intertemoral membrane large, extending far beyond the short tail, which appears upon its upper surface.
Dentition. Inc. 3 C. = pm. as m. 3 The first upper premolar well developed. Skull broader at the anterior extremities of the nasal bones than between the temporal fossee.
Range. Brazilian Subregion ; Peru.
This genus, next to Vampyrus, includes the largest species of the family. All the species known have a gular glandular sac, well developed in males, rudimentary in females, in the inferior surface of the neck, opening directly in front of the sternum. Synopsis of the Species.
a. Calcaneum longer than the foot.
a’, Nose-leaf shorter than the foot; forearm SD ase.s 8.9 496 He Gebel Ohh aaa SC sees L. Ph, hastatum, p. 484. b'. Nose-leaf longer than the foot; forearm DOD a wisuatetar stn marcia ones areas are aets 3. Ph. elongatum, p. 487. 6. Calecaneum shorter than the foot.
c', Nose-leaf as long as the foot; forearm DY Bike setae mente sete a RA et LA 2. Ph, discolor, p. 487. 1. Phyllostoma hastatum.
Vespertilio hastatum, Pallas, Spicileg. Zoolog. iii. p. 7 (1767) ; Schreb. Stugeth. i. p. 161, pl. xlvi.B (1775) ; Gmelin, Linn. Syst, Nat. ed. xill. p. 47 (1788).
Phyllostoma hastatum, Geoffroy, Ann. du Muséum, xv. p. 177, pl. 11 Tedd and skull) (1810); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Brasil. iixp. 179 (1836) ; Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, p. 62 (1844-46); Burmeister, Thiere Brasiliens, p. 42 (1854); Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Sdugeth. i. p. 397 (1844), v. p. 624 (1855); Gervais, Expéd. du Comte de Castelnau, Zoologie, p. 47, pl. viii. fig. 8 (1855). Phylostoma maximus, Wied, Reise nach Brasil. ii. p. 242. Head slightly raised above the face-line ; muzzle obtusely conical, the distance between the eyes equals the distance between the eye and the end of the muzzle ; ears shorter than the head (their extreme length, anteriorly, being exactly equal to the distance between the base of the tragus and the end of the muzzle), obtusely pointed ;