6. VESPERUGO, 197 lower incisors crowded, trifid; the single upper premolar very close to the canine.
Length (of an adult 3), head and body 18, tail 1:4, head 0-7, ear 0'-55, tragus 0':25, forearm 1-35, third finger 2'-15, fifth finger 1-65, tibia 0'"45, foot 0-25.
Hab. Unknown.
_ This very peculiar species of Vesperugo resembles V. kuhlii in size and in general form; but the absence of the first minute upper premolar and the shape of the muzzle at once distinguish it. The shape of the muzzle is so peculiar as to lead me to suspect it may be an individual peculiarity. As the specimen from which the description is taken is well preserved in alcohol, this flattening of the front of the muzzle and extremities of the nostrils is not due to imperfect preservation.
a. 9 ad., al. (type). M. Lidth de Jeude.
9. Vesperugo minutus.
Vespertilio minuta, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. ii. p. 209 (1835- 41 ? Vespertilio hesperida *, Temminck, l. ce. p. 211. Vespertilio minutus, Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Stiugeth.i. p. 521 (1844). ? Vespertilio subtilis, Swrdevall, ifvers. Akad. Forhandl. 1846, p. 119. Vesperus minutus, Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Siiugeth. v. p. 747 (1855). Scotophilus minutus, Z'omes, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 33. Head scarcely raised above the face-line. Ears moderately long, inner margin above the basal lobe slightly convex to the tip, which is shortly rounded off; nearly the upper half of the outer margin concave, the lower convex, slightly emarginate opposite the base of the tragus, and terminating midway between the posterior margin of the tragus and the angle of the mouth in a distinct lobe. The tragus reaches its greatest width slightly below the middle of its inner margin ; at the base of the outer margin is a small triangular lobe, succeeded by a shallow concavity, above which the tragus reaches its greatest width, and the outer margin then curves inwards and slightly upwards to form the narrow rounded extremity, which is slightly curved inwards owing to the concavity of the upper third of the inner margin. The glandular prominences between the nostrils and the eyes are well developed and smoothly rounded, and the nostrils do not project.
Wing-membranes to the base of the toes ; postcalcaneal lobes very narrow or absent; the extreme tip of the tail alone free; feet rather large and thick.
Above and beneath, the hair of the body extends upon the wingmembrane as far as a line drawn from the middle of the humerus to the knee-joint; the base of the interfemoral about the root of the tail is alone covered. Beneath, a few fine hairs arise from the trans- * The type of Vespertilio hesperida, Temm., is not now to be found in the collection of the Leyden Museum.
198 VESPERTILIONID &.
verse lines on the base of the interfemoral membrane, and are principally placed along the tail.
Fur, above, dark brown at the base, with light brown tips; beneath, dark brown, with paler or ashy extremities. Upper inner incisors long and indistinctly bifid at their extremities ; outer incisor, on each side, very short, unicuspidate, scarcely as long as the cingulum of the inner incisor and parallel to it, not sloping inwards. Lower incisors crowded; first lower premolar about one third the size of the second premolar and acutely pointed. Length (of an adult 6, in sprits), head and body 1’°8, tail 1'°2, ear 0-55, tragus 0-23 x 0-1, forearm 1'-15, thumb 0°22, third finger 2”, fifth finger 15, tibia 0'-4, foot 0-28. Hab. Africa (South of the Sahara) ; Madagascar. This species is easily recognised by the very short forearm and wings in comparison to the length of the body. a, ad. d, al. Angola, Dr. J. E. Gray [P.].
6. ad. sk. South Africa. Stockholm Museum [P.]. ce, d. ad. sk. South Africa, Sir Andrew Smith [P.}. e, f. ad. sk. ? South Africa. Sir Andrew Smith [P.]. g,h. ad. d, al. Madagascar. Rev. W. Ellis [P.]. z. ad., al. Mahanora, Madagascar. Purchased.
j. dad, al. Anzahamaru, Madagascar. Mr. Crossley [C. ]. k, skull of 6.
1. skull of c.
10. Vesperugo capensis.
Vespertilio capensis, Smith, Zoological Journal, ii. p. 435; South African Quarter. Journ. v. p. 1 (1882).
Vespertilio minutus, Smith (non Tomes), Illustr. Zoology S. Africa, . 51 (1848).
Wesuenige (Vesperus) smithii, Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Stugeth. v. p. 747 (1855).
Scotophilus capensis, Tomes, P. ZS. 1861, p. 36. Resembles V. minutus very closely in the form of the head and and ears, but much larger, immature individuals with unconsolidated epiphyses of the finger-bones being larger than perfectly adult specimens of that species.
Ears shorter than the head, triangular, with rounded tips; outer side of the conch with a shallow emargination in the upper half, commencing abruptly so that the tip projects outwards, then slightly convex to termination midway between the base of the tragus and the angle of the mouth; tragus with a straight inner margin and a regularly convex outer margin.
Wings from the base of the claws; the extreme tip of the tail projecting ; postcalcaneal lobe narrow.
Above, reddish brown, with paler extremities ; beneath similar, but paler. The distribution of the fur generally similar to that of V. minutus, but extending further upon the interfemoral membrane above and beneath.
Inner upper incisor long, developing a second small cusp near its
6. VESPERUGO, 199 extremity; outer incisor very short, close to the base of the inner incisor and in a plane slightly anterior to it ; lower incisor at right angles to the direction of the jaws, overlapping, trilobate ; the single upper premolar long, close to the canine; first lower premolar scarcely half the length of the second premolar. Length, head and body 2’"1, tail 1-6, ear 0:55, tragus 0'°25, forearm 1'-4, thumb 0'-25, third finger 2”'5, fifth finger 1'-8, tibia 0":5, foot 0'°3.
The above are the dimensions of the largest specimen in the collection, which does not appear quite full-grown. In Tomes’s measurements of this species the length of the forearm is given as 1-55, and that of the tibia as 0’"65.
Hab. South Africa (Port Natal; Cape of Good Hope). a-c. ad. sks, Cape of Good Hope. M. Jourdan [C.]. d. ad. sk. Cape of Good Hope, Sir A. Smith [P.], ¢f. $&Qimm.,al. Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith [P.], g- 3d imm,., al. Cape of Good Hope. Mr. Argent (C.]. A. 3 imm,, al. Port Natal. Rey. F. Callaway [P.]. a. QO? ad., al. King Williamstown. Lieut. H. Trevelyan [P.]. J» 2 imm., al.
k. sk, ? South Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.].
11. Vesperugo megalurus.
Vespertilio megalurus, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. ii. p. 206 (1835-41).
Vesperugo (Vesperus) megalurus, Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Séiugeth. v. p. 747 (1855).
About the size of V. serotinus. Ears shorter than the head, as in V. capensis ; tragus as in the Serotine, slightly narrower ; head flat ; muzzle nearly naked ; tail long, the last caudal vertebra quite free ; no trace of a postcalcaneal lobe; wings from the base of the toes. Fur moderately long and woolly, much faded in the single type specimen, but apparently similar to that of the Serotine. Skull like that of V. serotenus, but the teeth are very different. The inner upper incisor long, acutely pointed, and unicuspidate, the outer incisor very small, with a short, slender, single cusp arising from the broad base which lies between the inner incisor and the canine, not slightly in front of the outer side of the inner incisor as in V. serotinus; the single upper premolar close to the canine, last upper molar equal to half antepenultimate molar. Lower incisors as in V. serotinus. The first lower premolar smaller and more crushed in between the canine and the second premolar, and elevated by its base above the bases of the other teeth. Base of the skull as in V. serotinus, but the tympanic bulle are larger. axe Length (of the type specimen), head and body about 2 6, tail 2", head 0:85, ear 0-6, tragus 0’-3, forearm 2 » thumb O'-4; third finger—metacarp. 1-7, Ist ph. 0°65, 2nd ph. 0 "85 3 fifth finger— metacarp. 1°65, 1st ph. 0'-45, 2nd ph. 0'"3; tibia 0'°8, foot 0-45. Hab. South Africa (Kaffraria).
Type in the collection of the Leyden Museum.
200 VESPERTILIONID.E.
V. megalurus has characters common to both Vesperugo and Scotophilus, resembling the species of the latter genus in the form of the inner upper incisors, which are long and unicuspidate, and in the position of the first lower premolar, also in the absence of a postcalcaneal lobe. In all other respects it agrees with the species of Vesperugo (subgen. Vesperus), to which genus it undoubtedly belongs.
12. Vesperugo nasutus.
Vesperugo nasutus, Dobson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1877, p. 311. Head flat, muzzle conical, the extremity projecting considerably beyond the lower lip in front, as in the species of the genus Nyctinomus, terminated by the margins of the nostrils, which open sublaterally ; ears shorter than the head, triangular, with rounded-off tips ; the inner margin of the conch commences above the eye, and does not form a distinct rounded lobe at its base, but is straight almost from the base to the tip of the ear, the outer margin is also straight, and terminates rather abruptly midway beneath the tragus and the angle of the mouth; tragus much longer than broad, directed slightly inwards, reaching its greatest width below the middle of its inner margin, outer margin convex, with an ill-defined lobe near the base, inner margin slightly concave, tip subacutely pointed.
Tail almost wholly contained in the interfemoral membrane, the last rudimentary caudal vertebra alone free ; no postcalcaneal lobe; wings from the base of the toes.
Fur short; above, pale yellowish brown; beneath, pale buff, almost white; membranes light brown, traversed by numerous white reticulations.
The face is nearly naked in front of the eyes; a few hairs fringe the lips and the under surface of the projecting extremity of the muzzle; the wing and interfemoral membranes are almost naked. Upper inner incisors moderately long and unicuspidate, outer incisors very short, but slightly exceeding the cingulum of the inner incisors in vertical extent; lower incisors trifid, crowded, placed across the direction of the jaws ; the single upper premolar close to the canine, as in V. serotinus, the first lower premolar not half the second in vertical extent, with a prominent internal and anterior basal cusp.
Length, head and body 1'°8, tail 1’°7, head 0-68, ear 0'°6, tragus 0°25, forearm 1-45, thumb 0°25; third finger—metacarp. 1"-3, Ist ph. 0-48, 2nd ph. 0'-7; fourth finger—metacarp. 13, Ist ph. 0-4, 2nd ph. 0"-4; fifth finger—metacarp. 1-3, Ist ph. 0-28, 2nd ph. 028; tibia 0°55, foot 0'-28.
Hab. Shikarpur, Scinde. Type in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 13. Vesperugo tenuipinnis.
Vesperus tenuipinnis, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1872, p. 263. Muzzle broad, obtuse ; glandular prominences well developed on
6. VESPERUGO, 201 the sides of the face, increasing the width of the muzzle. Ears shorter than the head, triangular, rounded at the tips; outer margin straight, without emargination. Tragus small, and broadly rounded off at the tip, attaining its greatest breadth about the middle of inner margin; outer margin convex, inner straight or slightly concave, above the base of the outer margin a very distinct acutely angular lobule.
Wings to the base of the claws; postcalcaneal lobe close to the ankles, triangular; tail wholly included, except the extreme tip, within the interfemoral membrane.
Wing and interfemoral membranes pure white; ears dark brown ; fur on the upper surface dark brown, the forearm, legs, and tail of the same colour ; beneath, pure white, the base of the fur dark, the humerus, forearm, and legs white; feet, above and beneath, dark brown.
Muzzle in front of the eyes nearly naked. On the upper and lower surfaces the fur extends for a short distance only upon the wing-membranes. Above, the base of the interfemoral only is clothed ; beneath, it is covered with very short hair, as in V. imbricatus.
Outer incisors very small and acutely pointed, placed at the outer and anterior side of the base of the inner incisors, which are nearly twice their length, and have a small prominent external cusp; lower incisors at right angles to the direction of the jaws. Length (of an adult ¢ preserved in spirits), head and body 15, tail 1'-05, head 055, ear 0'45, tragus 0°18, forearm 1'°15, thumb 0-2, third finger 1'9, fifth finger 1'-4, tibia 0'-45, foot 0’25, Hab. Lagos, West coast of Africa; Gaboon.
a. ad. sk. Lagos. Purchased.
14. Vesperugo pumilus.
Scotophilus pumilus, Gray, Append. Grey’s Austr. Journ. p. 406, The face is concave between the anterior margins of the inner sides of the ears; the muzzle not very obtuse, but the glandular prominences so developed upwards as to cause a shallow furrow between them on the muzzle. Ears short and very funnel-shaped, owing to the great convexity of the middle third of the outer margin; inner margin very convex forwards in its lower two thirds ; upper third of the outer margin very concave, owing to the convexity of the middle third, tips short and narrowly rounded-of ; tragus rather broad, maintaining the same breadth from the base to a point opposite the upper third of the inner margin, where the outer margin curves inwards to join the inner margin ; at the base of the outer margin a very shallow triangular lobe, not succeeded by an emargination, inner margin straight (Plate XII. fig. 2). Wings to the base of the toes; postcalcaneal lobe long, and convex behind (less distinct in young individuals) ; tip of tail free. Above black, the extreme points of the hairs ashy or greyish ;
202 VESPERTILIONID.&.
beneath black, the terminal] one fifth of the hair white or pale ashcolour, so that the under surface has a greyish appearance. Inner incisors long and bifid, both cusps nearly equal; outer incisors short, placed in a plane slightly anterior, their unicuspidate extremities directed inwards, so as to lie against the outer side of the inner incisors ; lower incisors crowded and trifid ; first lower premolar about half the vertical extent of the second premolar; the single upper premolar very close to the canine. Length (of a Q with fetus in utero), head and body 15, tail 1"-35, ear 0'"48, tragus 0'"2, forearm 1':2, thumb 0'"2, third finger 2", fifth finger 1'°5, tibia 0'°45, foot 0':22. Hab. Australia and Tasmania. In Australia from Cape York to the Murray River and West Australia, probably generally distributed. a. § ad,al. Cape York, N. Australia.
6. ad. sk. (type). Australia. (Figured in ‘ Voy. Erebus and Terror.’) ce. f ad., al. Australia. Purchased.
d. & ad, al. Australia.
e, f. ad. sks. Yarrundi, Australia.
g. ad. sk, . Perth, W. Australia. Mr. Gould [C.]. A. ad, sk. West Australia. Mr. Gould [C.].
im $ & @ ad.,al. King George’s Sound. Dr. Richardson [P.]. o,p. & ad., al. Murray River.
g-s. 6 & 9, ad. al. Tasmania. R. Gunn, Esq. [P.]. t. ad. sk. Tasmania. R. Gunn, Esq. | P.].
15. Vesperugo grandidieri.
Vesperugo (Vesperus) grandidieri, Dobson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1876, xviii. p. 500.
Head, ears, and tragus very similar to those of Vesperuguv abramus, Temm. Ears short, rounded off above; outer margin of the earconch straight or faintly concave in upper two thirds, emarginate opposite the base of the tragus, terminuting in a small rounded lobe midway between the base of the tragus and the angle of the mouth: crown of the head scarcely elevated above the face-line; nasal apertures separated widely, opening forwards, their margins not projecting.
Wing-membrane from the base of the toes; postcalcaneal lobe very shallow ; half the last caudal vertebra free. Fur short on both surfaces, scarcely extending upon the membranes ; reddish brown above, paler beneath.
Upper inner incisors bicuspidate, the shorter outer cusp nearly equalled in vertical extent by the unicuspidate outer incisor ; lower incisors trifid, not crowded; the single upper premolar close to the canine.
Length, head and body 1°75, tail 1'°4, ear 0'°5, tragus 0-22 x 0'-08, forearm 1°25, thumb 0'°28; third finger—metacarp. 12, Ist ph. 0-45, 2nd ph. 0-55; fifth finger—metacarp. 1-1, 1st ph. 0'-28, 2nd ph. 02; tibia 05, foot 0'°3.
Hab. Zanzibar.
Type in the collection of the Paris Museum.
6. VESPERUGO. 203 16. Vesperugo propinquus.
Vesperugo propinquus, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1872, p. 262. Ears triangular, rounded-off above; the ear-conch thickened along the inner margin, flatly emarginate about the middle of the outer side, and at the base with a rim directed inwards, but without emargination. Tragus quite similar to that of V. borealis, but quite straight on the inner side, broadest at the middle, and at the base of the outer margin with a tooth-like lobe.
Wings from the base of the toes; the last two caudal vertebrae free ; postcalcaneal lobe very distinct.
The fur of the body extends outwards upon the wings as far as a line drawn from the end of the proximal third of the humerus to the knee, and not quite to the middle of the interfemoral membrane ; beneath, the membranes are less covered, and the fur of the abdomen extends only upon the base of the interfemoral. Fur reddish above, the hairs dark brown at their bases ; beneath paler, the tips of the hairs being more reddish yellow. The first upper incisor has two cusps; the second incisor is smaller in cross section, and has a single cusp slightly shorter than the second cusp of the first incisor. The single upper premolar is large. The two lower premolars are very pointed; the first one third smaller and shorter than the second, which is not quite as high as the first true molar. The lower incisors are distinctly trilobed, and placed parallel to the direction of the jaws; the third is much longer than broad.
Length, head and body 2-4, tail 1'°8, ear 0'°6, tragus 0:23, forearm 1-6, thumb 0’°36, third finger 2'°7, fifth finger 2", tibia "7, foot 0°35.
Hab. Central America (Ysabel de Guatemala).
The above description has been taken from Dr, Peters’s original notes on the species, of which I have not seen the type. It appears to be very closely allied to V. borealis ; and when a large series of specimens have been compared with an equally large number of V. borealis from Europe, it may be found that V. propinquus is really but a variety of V. borealis.
Dr. Peters remarks that it is closely allied to V. borealis, from which it is distinguished by the form of the ears and teeth. 17. Vesperugo borealis.
Vespertilio kublii, Ni/sson (non Natterer), Ilum. Fig. Scandin. Fauna, haft 17. pl. 34 (1836). ; , Vespertilio borealis, Nilsson, Illkum. Fig. Scand. Fauna, haft 19. pl. 36 (1838); Liljeborg, Sver. Norges Ryggradsdjur, i. p. 129 (1874). Vesperugo nilssoni, Keys. §& Blas. Wiegm. Archiv (1839), : 315; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Stiugeth. i. p. 498, v. p. 733; Blasius, Fauna Deutschl. p. 70, figs. 47, 48 (1857).
Vesperugo borealis, Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 105 (1876). Fars triangular, with broadly rounded tips; the outer margin straight, terminating close to and on a level with the angle of the
204 VESPERTILIONIDE.
mouth; the inner margin with a rounded basal lobe, the ascending part very convex in lower third, then sloping upwards and backwards. Tragus expanded above and slightly curved inwards ; the outer margin has an acute triangular lobe at the base; above this it increases in convexity, and the tragus reaches its greatest width about the middle of its outcr margin ; the inner margin is straight below and slightly concave above.
Wings to the base of the toes; thumbs and feet rather short; a distinct but shallow postcalcaneal lobe; the last two caudal vertebree free.
Fur, above, very dark brown, with yellowish-brown extremities ; beneath, similar, with ashy tips.
On the upper surface the fur of the body extends upon the wingmembrane as far as a line drawn from the middle of the humerus to the knee; beneath, similar; the base of the interfemoral, above and beneath, is alone clothed. ; Inner upper incisors bifid ; outer incisors as long as the outer cusp of the inner incisors, and equal to the latter in cross section at the base ; lower incisers crowded, placed at right angles to the direction of the jaws, trifid, the incisors next the canines rounded above and higher than the rest; first lower premolar small, not half the size of the second premolar, which equals or nearly equals the canine in vertical extent.
The outer upper incisors, generally minute in the subgenus Vesperus, appear to reach their greatest development in this species. Length, head and body 2", tail 1'*7, head 0'"65, ear 0'°55, tragus 0"-2, forearm 1'°5, third finger 2-5, fifth finger 2”, tibia 0'-7, foot 0"°35.
Hab. The northern part of the Palearctic Region. In Europe extending from the Scandinavian Peninsula (where, according to Nilsson, it is found as far north as the Arctic Circle), through Russia to the Ural Mountains, and southwards to the Harz Mountains. As yet not recorded from the British Isles. In Asia inhabiting the Altai Mountains and Northern China, extending as far south as the northern slopes of the Himalayas, a single specimen having been obtained by the late Dr. F. Stoliczka at Kizil. a. f ad., al. China. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [1’.].
b. ad. sk. Purchased.
18. Vesperugo discolor.
Vespertilio discolor, Natterer, Kuhl, Deutsch. Flederm. Wetter. Ann. iv. (1819); Desm. Mamm. p. 189 (1820); Bell, Brit. Quadrup. p. 21, woodeut ; Temm. Monogr. Mammal. ii. p. 173 (1841). Vespertilio serotina, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. p. 128. Scotophilus discolor, Gray, May. Zool. & Bot. ii. p. 297. Vesperugo (Vesperus) discolor, Keys. & Blas. Wirbelth. Europ. p. 50 ; es Deutschl. p.73, figs. 49 & 50 (1857) ; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 106 (1876).
Vesperus discolor, Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Stéugeth. v. p. 733 (1855). Head broad and flat; muzzle obtuse, the glandular prominences