10. aranarpa, 269 2—2 Premolars a-3; Subgen. ATALAPHA.
1. Atalapha noveboracensis.
? Vespertilio lasiurus, Schreber, Stiugethiere, i. pl. 1xii.B (1775); Geoffr. ae Mus. viii. p. 200 (1806) ; Desmarest, Mammalogie, p. 142 (1820).
Vespertilio noveboracensis, Erzleben, Syst. Reg. Anim. p. 155 (1777) ; Godman, Amer. Nat. Hist, i. p.50 (1826); Cooper, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, iv. p. 57 (1837); Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1855, p. 482.
Vespertilio rubellus, P. de Beauvois, Catal. Peale’s Mus. Philad. viii. p- 204 (1796) [vide Allen, Bats of North America, p. 16 (1864)]. ? Vespertilio villosissimus, Geoffroy, J. c. p. 204 (1806). Atalapha americana, Rajinesque, Précis des découvertes, §c. p. 12 1814).
Vv en tesselatus, Rafinesque, Amer. Month. May. iv. p. 445 (1817).
? Vespertilio bonariensis, Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, i. p. 187 (1829). Vespertilio blosseivillii, Lesson et Garnet, Bullet. de Sci. Nat. viii. . 95; Gervais, in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. de Vile de Cuba, amnuf. p. 32, pl. i. (1838).
Nycticejus noveboracensis, M‘Murtrie, Append. Cuv. Anim. Kingd. (New York, 1831) p. 432.
Nycticejus lasiurus e¢ noveboracensis, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. ii. pp. 156, 158 (1835-41); Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Saugeth, i. p. 545 (1844), v. p. 771 (1855). ; :
Lasiurus rufus, Gray, List of Mammals Coll. Brit. Mus. p.82 (18438). Lasiurus noveboracensis, Zomes, P. Z, S. 1857, p. 34; Allen, lc. .16.
edante noveboracensis, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1870, p. 908. Muzzle broad, obtuse, glands of the upper lip much developed, adding to the width of the lip, which consequently projects laterally and in front beyond the lower lip; end of nose broad, faintly concave between the nostrils, which are rather widely separated and open laterally, their inner edges not projecting. Ear short and broad, the horizontal portion of the inner margin forms almost a right angle with the ascending front portion, which attains its greatest convexity about the middle; tip broadly rounded; outer margin straight or slightly concave beneath, then reflected backwards and terminating in a rather large convex lobe (of which the front margin is marked by an angular emargination) close to the angle of the mouth, from which a small wart separates it. Tragus broad in the middle, with a rather narrow obtuse extremity curved inwards ; the lower half of the inner margin straight, the upper half concave, at the base of the outer margin a triangular lobe, from which the outer margin slopes outwards, attaining its greatest width slightly below the middle of the Sune margin, then slopes upwards and ining an angle below.
— eae base of the toes. No postcalcaneal lobe. The extreme tip of the tail projecting.
270 VESPERTILIONIN&.
The face (except the labial prominences) and the head are thickly covered with fur, which is almost as long as the ears. On the wingmembrane the fur on the upper surface extends very densely as far as a line drawn from the middle of the humerus to the base of the toes (when the legs are extended outwards as when flying); the interfemoral membrane to the extreme posterior edge, beyond which a fringe of long hairs projects, the legs, and the back of the feet are almost as thickly covered as the body of the animal. Beneath, the fur extends upon the wing-membrane behind the humerus and forearm. as far as a line drawn from the extended knee to the junction of the proximal and middle thirds of the fifth metacarpal bone; occupying also the angle between the fifth and fourth fingers, and extending backwards upon the membrane in a narrow line for three fourths the length of the metacarpal of the longest finger. A small tuft of white hairs appears above at the base of the thumb, and a line of short hairs extends backwards on the proximal half of the dorsum of the metacarpal bone of the fifth finger ; the forearm is quite naked.
Above, pale straw-colour at the base and for three fourths the length of the hairs, the extremities bright reddish chestnut (or brownish red in specimens from the northern parts of N. America), minutely tipped with grey, so that the surface of the fur appears dusted with a fine ash; on the interfemoral membrane bright chestnut throughout. Beneath, on the neck similar to the upper surface but paler ; on the chest and abdomen black at the base, with reddishyellow extremities ; below the point of origin from the shoulder of the antebrachial membrane a patch of pure white exists on either side, connected across the chest by broad irregular, and occasionally very indistinct, bands of white.
The ears, the antebrachial membrane, and that part of the wingmembrane covered by hair beneath is of the same tint as the fur of the body, and the same bright colour prevails along the fingers. The rest of the membranes dark brown or black, dotted with small yellow points.
The first upper premolar minute, in the angle between the canine and second premolar; middle lower incisors largest and trifid, the others smaller and smooth.
Length, head and body 2", tail 18, ear 0”°5, tragus 0'°3, forearm 1-5, thumb 0°35, third finger 31, fifth finger 1-9, tibia 0'°75, foot 0°35.
Hab. Generally distributed throughout the Nearctic Region from Canada to Texas: represented in the Neotropical Region by three or more varieties described below.
The following have been described as distinct species :—
10. ATALAPHA. 271 Var. a (Atalapha frantzti).
Atalapha frantzii, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1870, p. 908. This, which may be considered the tropical form of A. noveboracensis, differs from typical specimens in the slightly smaller size of the ears, the shorter and more pointed tragus, the naked margin of the interfemoral membrane, and the shorter fur on the wing-membrane behind the forearm. The extremities of the hairs on the upper surface are brighter red, and scarcely (in some specimens not) tipped with grey.
The measurements agree very closely with those of specimens of A. noveboracensis from North America ; the metacarpal bone of the sain finger and the tibia appear to be proportionately slightly onger.
Hab, Central America (Guatemala ; Costa Rica); Brazil; Chili. Var. 6 (Atalapha pfeifferi).
Atalapha pfeifferi, Gundlach, MB. Akad. Berl. 1861, p. 152. Slightly larger than the preceding form, which it resembles in the colour and distribution of the fur, which also thinly covers the interfemoral membrane posteriorly. It is chiefly distinguished by the larger size of the small first upper premolar. Length, head and body 2':1, tail 1°75, head 0-65, ear 0'"5, tragus 0’"3, forearm 1-75, third finger 3''15, fifth finger 2'"15, tibia 0'°8, caleaneum 0'°8, foot 0'"35.
Hab. Cuba.
Var. y (Atalapha varia).
Nycticejus varius, Poeppig, Reise in Chile, i. p. 451 (1835). Atalapha varia, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1870, p. 909. This form is distinguished from A. noveboracensis by the much larger size of the first upper premolar, and by the uniform black colour of the wing-membranes. Neither of these characters are, in my opinion, sufficient in this family to found a species upon. The size of the first upper premolar is very variable, and the intermediate condition of this tooth is seen in the preceding variety. The yellow spaces along the finger and the dots observed in the wing-membranes of A. nove oracensis are not always present in specimens from N. America.
Length (of an adult ¢ in the collection of the Berlin Museum), head and body 2", tail 2”, ear 0'5, tragus 0-28, forearm 1''°6, thumb 0-35, third finger 3”-1, fourth finger 2'"5, fifth finger 2”, tibia 0’°75, foot 0°33.
Hab, Peru, Chili.
a,b. ad. sk. Canada. LP. W. Malagan, Esq. [P. ]. . ad. sk. New York. — Drummond, Esq. [P.].
e oe aN : New York. Purchased. ‘
272 VESPERTILIONID.E.
f. 3 ad., al. New York. Purchased.
g. Q ad., al. New York.
h-j. ad. sk. North America. J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. k. & ad, al. North America. Dr. J. Green | P.]. l @ ad., al. St. Louis. Smithsonian Institute tp : mn. 6 & 9 ad,al. St. Louis. Smithsonian Institute [P.]. o. ad. sk. No history.
PY M. Lidth de Jeude [C.}.
Var. a (A. frantzi?, Peters).
», ad. sk. Duefias, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. s. 9 ad., al. Dueiias, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. t,u. o ad., al. Jamaica. P. H. Gosse, Esq. [C.]. v. ad. sk. Pernambuco. J.P. G. Smith, Esq. [P.]. w, a. ad, sk. Brazil.
y. ad. sk. Chili. Purchased.
z ¢ ad., al. Mendoca. Purchased.
a’. ad. sk.
b'. skull of o.
ce’. skull of w.
2. Atalapha cinerea.
Vespertilio cinereus, Palisot de Beauvois, Catal. Peale’s Mus. Philad. 1796 (vide Allen, Bats of N. America, p. 21). Vespertilio pruinosus, Say, Long's Exped. Rocky Mount. p. 67 (1823) ; Cooper, Ann. Lyc. New York, iv. p. 54 (1837). Scotophilus pruinosus, Gray, Mag. Zool. § Bot. ii. p. 498 (1838). Nycticejus pruinosus, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. ii. p. 154 (1835- 41); Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Stéugeth. i. p. 544 (1844), v. p. 770 1855).
ia pruinosus, Gray, List of Mammalia in Coll. Brit. Mus. (1843); Tomes, P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 37.
Lasiurus cinereus, H. Allen, l.c.; J. A. Allen, Mammals of Massachusetts, p. 208.
Atalapha cinerea, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1870, p. 910. The muzzle, nostrils, and ears are very similar in shape to those of A. noveboracensis, except that the inner margin of the ear is more evenly rounded, and the terminal lobe of the outer margin near the angle of the mouth is not incised in front. The tragus attains its greatest width opposite the base of the inner margin, forming there an acute angular projection, or elbow; at the base of the outer margin a small rounded lobe, the outer margin then slopes outwards to this angle, from which it slopes upwards and inwards to the tip; about four fifths of the inner margin is straight, then slightly convex above, causing the rounded tip to project inwards. Wings to the base of the toes; extreme tip of tail projecting. The distribution of the fur upon the wing-membranes is very similar to that of A. noveboracensis ; but the interfemoral membrane, though completely covered, is not clothed quite so densely behind as in that species. A very small patch of short white hairs occurs on the back of the forearm, near the elbow; this is not found in A, noveboracensis, and affords an easy method of distinguishing spe-
10, aTaALaPH.,. 273 cimens of not quite adult A. cinerea, which resemble the former species closely. The concavity of the ear-conch and the tragus are clothed with soft hairs.
Above, on the back, black or very dark brown at the base, then half the hair is pale yellowish white, succeeded by a dark band, the extreme points white. Towards the head the upper black band becomes paler, and disappears almost altogether on the face ; behind, the light yellow band becomes deeper in colour, passing into dark pate on the interfemoral membrane, the hairs still tipped with white.
Beneath, the fur under the neck wants the terminal black and white bands; these reappear on the chest, but the pale yellow band is narrower than on the back, and disappears altogether on the abdomen, being replaced by dark brown.
The lower invisors are all equal, trifid, and slightly crowded ; the first upper premolar extremely minute, in the centre of the angle between the canine and second premolar.
Var. a (Atalapha grayt).
Lasiurus grayi, Tomes, P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 40.
Atalapha grayi e¢ pallescens, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1870, p. 910. This is the South-American form of A. cinerea, from which it differs only in the less convexity of the inner side of the ear-conch (Plate XVII. fig. 2), in being slightly smaller, and in the colour of the fur, the second band next the extremity of the hairs being reddish, not black or dark reddish brown as in A. cinerea. The Wwing-membranes extend to the base of the toes; and Mr. Tomes’s statement that they “extend a little way beyond the extremity of the tibia, but do not reach halfway along the foot,” has been founded on an imperfect examination of the types. In the dried specimen marked as the type the membranes have shrunk very much, and appear, in this condition, as if they were attached near the end of the tibia; when moistened, however, the true position of their attachment is shown. I do not think the differences described above are sufficient to separate this form from South America as a distinct species from A. cinerea. Allen has remarked that the bright red varieties of .4. noveboracensis are found in the warmer latitudes of America, while the greyish chocolate and dark red varieties occur in the northern parts of the country. In the same manner 4. cinerea appears to me to be represented in South America (whence the types of A. grayi have come) by a variety slightly smaller, and having the second brownish chocolate band replaced by bright reddish brown. :
Length (of an adult 2 of A. cinerea from California), head and body 2'-9, tail 2'-85, head 0-8, ear 0'-7x0":5, forearm 2’°1, thumb 0-52, third finger 42, fifth finger 2-5, tibia 0-9, caleaneum 0'-6, foot 0'°46.
Hab. North and South Amorica, from Nova Scotia to Chili. T
= i+ VESPERTILIONID_E.
Distribution probably similar to that of A. noveboracensis and its varieties.
a. ad. sk. North America. J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. b. 2 ad., al. Monterey, California. J. H. Gurney, Esq. [P.]. ec. 9 ad., al. Nebraska. Smithsonian Institute [P.]. d. ad. sk. Malden, Canada. P. W. Maclagan, Esq. [P. ]. e,f. imm. sks.
gy. 3d ad., al. Lieut. Strickland [P.].
h, ad. sk. Juan da Fuca. Sir J. Richardson [P. ]. a. skull of 2.
Var. a (Atalapha grayi).
jo ad, al. Cuba. W.S. Macleay, Esq. [P.].
k. imm. sk. Bolivia. Purchased.
l. Q ad., al. Chili. Purchased.
m, @ ad., al. Chili.
(Type of Lasiurus grayt, Tomes.)
n. imm. sk. Chili. Purchased.
v. ad. sk. No history. Purchased.
p. ad. sk.
1-1 Premolars s~5. Subgenus DasypTErvs.
3. Atalapha intermedia.
Lasiurus intermedius, Allen, Proc, Philad. Acad. 1862, p. 146; Monogr. of Bats of North Amer. 1864, p. 25, figs. 21, 22. Atalapha intermedia, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1870, p. 912. The muzzle is narrower and the head apparently less elevated than in either A. cinerea or A. noveboracensis; the nostrils are also not so widely separated, and, owing to the less development of the glandular prominences of the upper lip, project more. The ears are very differently shaped from those in either of these species; they are much longer than broad, and there is a distinct tip (Plate XVI. fig. 3). The inner margin commences in a large rounded lobe, the posterior part of which is narrow and rounded and projects backwards; about one third of the inner margin above the base is straight, then regularly and slightly convex to the tip. The outer margin is nearly straight from the tip to the terminal lobe, interrupted only by a slight but distinct emargination immediately beneath the tip; the terminal lobe commences opposite the front margin of the tragus, and projects considerably outwards, being much larger than in either A. cinerea or A. noveboracensis. The tragus is much broader in the upper third than in A. cinerea, more obtuse at the tip and less curved inwards.
Wings from the base of the toes; thumbs and feet moderate. The fur of the body extends upon the membranes as in A. cinerea, but to a less extent. Scarcely more than half the upper surface of the interfemoral is covered. A narrow portion of the wing-membrane external to the legs is covered, and the short close fur reappears on the toes. Inferiorly a band of short fur passes outwards posterior to the forearm to the carpus.
10. ATALAPHA. 275 Length, head and body 8", tail 2'-5, ear 0'°7, tragus 0'"3, forearm 2"-1, thumb 0-45, third finger 4”, fifth finger 2"-3, tibia 0'-9, foot 0'-4.
Hab, Texas; Mexico.
a. f ad., al. Texas. Smithsonian Institute [P.]. 4. Atalapha egregia.
Atalapha egregia, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1870, p. 912. Muzzle conical, and narrower than in the preceding Species ; end of nose prominent; glands on the sides of the muzzle between the eyes and nostrils forming rounded elevations not engaging the lip; ears rhomboidal, but longer than broad; upper third of the outer margin of the conch straight, middle slightly convex, deeply emarginate opposite the base of the tragus, terminating in a rather deep lobe, whereof the front margin is faintly concave; inner margin of the tragus straight, except immediately beneath the subacute tip which bends inwards, outer margin forming a strongly projecting angle nearly opposite the base of the inner margin. Wings from the metatarsus, close to the base of the toes ; a narnow but distinct postcalcaneal lobule; extremity of the tail not projecting.
Wing-membrane naked above, except a small patch of short hairs at the base of the thumb and near the elbow; beneath, a narrow band of fur extends outwards behind the forearm, and a few hairs appear in the angles between the fifth and fourth, and fourth and third fingers; the antebrachial membrane is covered with a few hairs only. The fur of the back extends rather thickly upon the wings as far as a line drawn from the middle of the humerus to the knee; behind, more than three fourths of the interfemoral is covered, also the legs and feet and the adjoining wing-membrane are clothed with short hair. Beneath, the wings are similarly clothed, but the base of the interfemoral, as far as the end of the second caudal vertebra, is alone covered.
Above, dark at the base of the hairs, then light buff, the extremities red; beneath, the basal half is dark brown, the terminal half brilliant red; the fur clothing the interfemoral membrane and the posterior extremities bright red throughout. Wing-membranes black, slightly paler along the thumb, the index and the middle fingers.
Tongth (of an adult ¢), head and body 2'45, tail 2’3, head 0-8, ear 0'-7x0'"5, tragus 0-35, forearm 1-9, thumb 0-48; third finger—metacarp. 2-15, 1st ph. 0'°8, 2nd ph. 1-1; fourth finger— metacarp. 1-9, 1st ph. 0-45, 2nd ph. 0-6; fifth finger—metacarp. 1-65, 1st ph. 0-35, 2nd ph. 0-4; tibia 0'"8, foot 0"-4, Hab. Brazil (Sta. Catherina). ; : Type in the collection of the Berlin Museum.
This is the most brilliantly coloured species of the genus. It is 2
276 VESPERTILIONID.2.
at once distinguished by the form of the tragus and the colour of the fur.
5. Atalapha ega.
Nycticejus ega, Gervais, Expédition du Comte de Castelnau, Zoologie, p. 73, pl. xiv. figs. 1, 1 ele (1855).
Lasiurus caudatus et aga, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 42, 43. Atalapha ega et caudata, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1870, p. 914. Head and muzzle as in A. noveboracensis; ears rhomboidal, the inner margin of the ear-conch very convex, outer margin straight or slightly concave immediately beneath the tip for nearly half its length, then convex, deeply emarginate opposite the base of the tragus, terminating near the angle of the mouth in a prominent rounded lobe; tragus as in A. noveboracensis but larger, the outer margin forming a strongly projecting angle opposite the base of the inner margin, thence convex upwards to the tip, which is subacute and directed forwards and inwards, inner margin concave upwards. Wings from the base of the toes; a small but distinct postcalcaneal lobe; tail wholly included within the interfemoral membrane. On the upper surface the fur extends almost as far outwards as a line drawn from the middle of the humerus to the knee, upon half the interfemoral, thinly upon the legs, and reappearing on the backs of the toes; beneath, the wing-membrane is covered as far as a line joining the elbow and the knee, and a broad band of fine thinlyspread hairs passes outwards behind the forearm to the carpus and to the angle between the third and the last finger. Above, dark brown at the base, then buff, the extremities yellowish buff; beneath, similar but paler.
Lower incisors trifid, placed at right angles to the direction of the jaws; first lower premolar scarcely one third the size of the second premolar, which is flattened from before backwards. Length, head and body about 2-1, tail 2", head 0”:6, ear 0-6 x 0-45, tragus 0'°32, forearm 17, thumb 0°35, third finger 3'"5, fifth finger 2’"2, tibia 0'"7, foot 0'°33.
Hab. Brazil (Pernambuco, Ega); Chili.
a. ad. sk. Ega, Amazons. H. W. Bates, Esq. ae b. ad. sk. Pernambuco. J.P. G. Smith, Esq. [P.]. (Type of Lasiurus caudatus, Tomes.)
e. skull of a, 11. HARPIOCEPHALUS.
Murina et Harpiocephalus, Gray, Ann. §& Mag. Nat. Hist. x. p. 259 1842), rs Z Harpyiocephalus, Gray, Ann. §& Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd ser. xvii. p. 90 (1866).
Murina, Dobson, P. A. S. B. 1873, p. 109; Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. 1875, xvi. p. 349.
Harpiocephalus, Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt, p. 150 (1876).