6. VESPERUGO. 189 2. Vesperugo macrotus.
Nycticejus macrotus, Poeppig, Reise in Chili, i. p. 451 (1847), Vespertilio velatus, Gay, Hist. Chile, Zoolog. i. p. 40, pl. i. figs. 2, 2a (1847), Vespertilio velatus, Philippi, Wiegm. Archiv, 1861, p. 289. ie in macrotus, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1875, p.788, pl. figs. é.
Ears much larger than in V. velatus and the ear-conch is quite differently shaped, the inner margin being regularly convex, not expanded at the base, the extremity broadly rounded off, the upper third of the outer margin straight or faintly concave, the lower two thirds slightly convex. On the whole the form of the ear is not unlike that of Vespertilio murinus. The ears are united, as in the preceding species, by a distinct band. Tragus as in V. velatus, slightly longer, and with a smaller lobule at the base of the outer margin.
Wings from the base of the toes; postcalcaneal lobe very narrow ; the last caudal vertebra free.
Fur, above, dark brown, with paler extremities ; beneath similar, with greyish or ashy tips.
Teeth very similar to those of V. velatus.
Length, head and body 2'-2, tail 1'°7, nead 0":8, ear 17-45, tragus 0-6, forearm 1-9, thumb 0'"4 ; third finger—metacarp. 1'°8, Ist ph. 0'-6, 2nd ph. 0-95; fourth finger—metacarp. 1-75, 1st ph. 0-5, 2nd ph. 0""6; fifth finger—metacarp. 1""7, 1st ph. 0-46, 2nd ph. 0'"4; tibia 0'"8, foot 0°45. :
(The above description is founded on the descriptions referred to in the synonymy, as I have not yet had an opportunity of examining any specimens of this species.)
Hab. Chili.
3. Vesperugo montanus.
Vespertilio montanus, Philippi, Wiegm. Archiv, 1861, p. 289. Vesperus segethii, Peters, LB. Akad. Berl. 1864, p. 883. Vesperus montanus, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1875, p. 789, pl. fig. 3 (ear).
Very similar to V. macrotus in general structure, but the ears are conspicuously shorter and the inner side of the ear-conch more convex at the base and less convex above ; the low band connecting the inner sides of the ears does not rise to any appreciable extent above the integument of the forehead; laid forwards the extremities of the ears extend quite half an inch beyond the end of the muzzle ; inner margin of the tragus straight, the upper third of the outer margin slightly concave.
Wings from the base of the toes ; postcalcaneal lobe very narrow ; caleanea as long as the tibiw, their acute extremities conspicuously projecting beyond the interfemoral membrane; the last caudal vertebra and half the antepenultimate vertebra projecting.
190 VESPERTILIONIDE.
The face in front of the ears is almost completely naked, along the margin of the upper lip some fine straight hairs form a fringe. The wing and interfemoral membranes are also devoid of fur, which appears to be strictly confined to the body.
Fur, above, dark brown, with light brown extremities ; beneath similar, with ashy, almost white, extremities, which cause the fur on the ventral surface to appear whitish throughout. Upper incisors very like those of V. serotinus, the inner incisors long, stout, and bifid, more than twice the transverse diameter of the small outer incisors, which lie close to their bases and slightly in front, as in V. serotinus; lower incisors indistinctly trifid and crowded ; first lower premolar about half the size of the second.
Length (of an adult @), head and body 2'2, tail 1'°8, head 0'°75, ear 12, tragus 0'°5, forearm 1'°8, thumb 0°32; third finger— metacarp. 1:55, 1st ph. 0:55, 2nd ph. 0"°8; fourth finger —metacarp. 1'°5, Ist ph. 0°45, 2nd ph. 0'°45; fifth finger—metacarp. 1-45, 1st ph, 0'"45, 2nd ph. 0-35; tibia 0'°75, foot 0'"35, Hab. Neotropical Region (Bolivia, Peru, Chili, Mendoga). a, b. ad. sks. Bolivia. Purchased.
e. imm. sk. Huasampilla, Peru (9000 feet). Purchased. d. ad. sk. East coast of Peru.
e, f. ad. sks. Chili. Purchased.
g,h. ad. sks, Chili. Purchased.
t ad. Q, al. Chili. Purchased.
jy ad. 9, al. Mendoga. Purchased.
k. ad. sk. ; Purchased.
i. skull of a.
4. Vesperugo magellanicus.
Vespertilio magellanicus, Phikippi, Wiegm. Archiv, 1866, p. 113. Vespertilio capucinus, Philippr, lc. p. 114.
Vesperus magellanicus, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1875, p. 793, pl. figs. 4, 5.
Distinguished from V. montanus by the much smaller ears, which scarcely exceed the head in length, and by its slightly smaller size. Length (of the type of V. capucinus, according to Peters), head and body 2'2, tail 18, head 0-76, ear 0''-8, forearm 1'’-7, thumb 0:35 ; third finger—metacarp. 1-6, lst ph. 0'°6, 2nd ph. 0'°85; fourth finger—metacarp. 1-6, Ist ph. 0'-48, 2nd ph. 0'-48; fifth finger—metacarp. 1'58, 1st ph. 0°45, 2nd ph. 0'"35; tibia 0'°7, foot 0'"4, caleaneum 0'°73.
Hab. Straits of Magellan.
The types of V. magellanicus and V.capucinus have been examined by Dr. Peters. That of the former is a stuffed skin of an immature Q, of the latter the stuffed skin of an apparently adult 3. In both the tails are wanting. The length of the ears may have been considerably reduced by the drying process used to preserve the skins; and this form is probably really more closely allied to V.montanus than appears from an examination of a badly preserved skin.
6. VESPERUGO. 191 5. Vesperugo serotinus.
Vespertilio serotinus, Schreb. Siiugeth. i. p. 167, pl. 53 (1775); G@mel. Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 48 (1788); Kuhl, Ann. Wetterau Naturk. Ba. iv. p. 45 (1819) ; Desmar. Mammal. p. 137 (1820); Cuv. Regne Anim. p. 121 (1829) ; Bonap. Fauna Ital. f. xxi. (1832) ; Bell, Brit. Quadr. p. 34, wdet. (1837).
Vespertilio noctula, Geoff. Aun. du Muséum, viii. p. 193, pl. (1806). Vespertilio murinus, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 121. Vespertilio isabellinus, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. ii. p. 205. Scotophilus serotinus, Gray, Mag. Zool. § Bot. ii.p. 497 (1838) ; Macgilivray, British Quadrup. (Nat. Libr. ser.) p. 108 (1838) ; Jerdon, Mammals of India, p. 34 (1867).
Vesperugo (Vesperus) serotinus, Keys. §- Blas. Wiegm. Archiv, 1839, p. 312; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Sdugeth. v. p. 732 (1855) ; Blasius, Fauna Deutschl. p. 76 (1857) ; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 108, fig. a (head), 1876.
Vespertilio turcomanus, Eversmann, Bullet. de Moscou, 1840, p. 21. Scotophilus pachyomus, Tomes, P. ZS. 1857, p. 50. Vespertilio (Vesperus) mirza, Filippi, Viaggio in Persia, p. 342 (1865). Vesperus botte, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1869, p. 406. Vesperus shiraziensis, Dobson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 459. Head flat, almost level with the face-line; muzzle thick, conical; glandular prominences less developed than in the species of the subgenus Vesperugo; nostrils opening sublaterally, separated by a narrow slightly concave space. Lars slightly shorter than the head ; laid forwards the tips extend more than midway between the eye and the end of the nose; inner basal lobe rounded, lower third of inner margin very convex forwards, the upper two thirds faintly convex, broadly rounded at the tip; the upper half of the outer margin straight, then convex, emarginate opposite the base of the tragus, and terminating in a convex lobe ending on a level with the angle of the mouth directly below the posterior angle of the eye. Tragus about twice as long as broad, reaching its greatest width slightly above the base of the inner margin, then lessening in width to the tip, which is obtusely pointed; inner margin straight or faintly concave.
Thumb with a small callosity at the base. Wings from the metatarsus close to the base of the toes. Postcalcaneal lobe shallow. Last two caudal vertebre free, the projecting portion of the tail nearly as long as the thumb.
The face is covered with very short fur; but the upper lip is fringed with straight hairs, which also cover the chin, radiating outwards from a small central wart beneath.
The fur of the back is moderately long, and scarcely extends upon the wing-membrane, except in the immediate vicinity of the sides of the body and on the interfemoral membrane at the root of the tail; beneath, the wing-membrane is covered to a greater extent, and fine thinly spread hairs pass out along the posterior margin of the humerus and forearm to the carpus; the fur of the abdomen scarcely extends to the interfemoral membrane, but very fine, almost invisible hairs arise from the transverse dotted lines with which it is marked.
192 VESPERTILIONIDE.
Above dark smoke-brown, with paler brown tips; beneath yellowish brown throughout ; ears and membranes dark brown. This is the general colour of the fur of European specimens ; but those from the dry sandy countries of Northern Africa and Asia Minor are pale buff-brown or straw-colour above, and even paler beneath. Specimens from the Gaboon are dark brown above, and white or pale yellowish white beneath.
Upper inner incisors long and strong, bifid at their extremities, the cusps equal in length ; outer incisors very short, scarcely more than one third of the length of the inner incisors, and lying against the outer and anterior side of their bases. Lower incisors trifid, crowded. The first lower premolar about half the vertical extent of the second, and about half its transverse diameter. The following Table exhibits the measurements of full-grown examples of this species from each of the great continents :— ” ” ” » ” » ” » ” ” a 6 3 da 3 oe rd 5 fy 5 bes EI g ec | oc oq : g1e/elalala]. leg V. serotinus. Blalgle/Pl2/2ls|/a/4/¢a P= a (a | s/B/S/S/S Va ec So) 8 [t) a o 4 1.Oldwithwornteeth.sek28(21|0°95/0°850°35|2"1|O'4|3°82°610°85|u-480-3 Sylvania...
sseeecseeseee 2. aut 9 Gara p. 192). oe 29 |2°25/1°0 {0°85 |0°35/2°15 0-4 | 3°8 | 2°6 [0°85 0-5 0-25 3.Ad.Q.Shiraz,Persia............2°55|2-05/0°95|0°85[0°35|2°0|0:4|3°3|2°5|0°9[05(0°25 2°7 |0°9 10°45 0°3 4.Ad.d.Guatemala,Central?|2-7|9-15/0-9|0-8|0:35/2°15|...|3°6 AM ETIOR sii cc ciersisidersvnsstesees Var. a.
This form, from the Gaboon in W. Africa, differs from all previously described examples of V. serotinus in having the fur of the under surface of the body pale yellowish white, contrasting strongly with the dark brown hair covering the back. In all other respects the specimens in the collection agree with those of the Serotine from Europe.
For measurements see Table above (No. 2). Var. 8. (Vesperus fuscus.)
Vespertilio fuscus, Pal. de Beauvois, Cat. Peale’s Museum Philad. p. 14 (1796) (vide Allen, Monogr. Bats N. Amer. 1864, p. 81) ; Leconte, Proce. Acad, Nat. Sci, Philad. 1855, p. 437. Vespertilio carolinensis, Geoffroy, Ann. du Muséum, viii. p. 198 (1806) ; esmar. Mammal. p. 136 (1820); Temm. Monogr. Mammal. ii. p. 287 (1835-41) ; Leconte, Cuv. Anim. Kingd. (M‘Murtrie ed.), p. 481 (1831); Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. Philad. 1856, p. 434; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Stiugeth. p. 753 (1855).
6. VESPERUGO, 193 Vespertilio phaiops, Rafinesgue, Amer. Month. Mag. 1817, p. 445; agner, Suppl. Schr. Sdugeth. v. p. 756; Leconte, Proc. Acad. N. Sct. 1855, p. 437.
Eptesicus melanops, Rafinesque, Ann. of Nature, 1820, p. 2. Vespertilio ursinus, Temminck, 1. c. p. 285 ; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Sdugeth. v. p. 756 (1855). :
Scotophilus cubensis, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1839, iv. p.7. Vespertilio dutertreeus, Gervais, in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. de Vile de Cuba, Mammif. p. 6, Atlas, t. ii. (1840); Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1861, p. 151.
Scoto Ree MacLeayii, Gray, List Mammal. Brit. Museum, 1843, p. 30.
Scotophilus ursinus, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 278. Scotophilus carolinensis et fuscus, Allen, Monogr. Bats N. America, pp. 28-32 (1864).
Scotophilus fuscus, J. A, Allen, Bullet. Mus. Comp. Anat. Philad. No. 8, p. 208 (1869). - This variety of V. serotinus from the New World has hitherto been distinguished as a distinct species under the name of V. fuscus. It differs from European specimens of the Serotine, and from those from Central America, in being smaller, the forearm apparently never exceeding 1'°8 and.the foot 0'-4; also in the somewhat deeper emargination in the upper half of the outer margin of the ear. My discovery of specimens of the Serotine (perfectly indistinguishable from European examples) among a collection made by Mr. Salvin in Guatemala, while interesting as the first recognition of an Old-World species of Bat in America, led me to examine more closely the specimens of V. fuscus preserved in the different museums ; and I am satified that, at most, they can be considered to represent a variety only of the Serotine. The following Table exhibits measurements of full-grown examples of this variety from different localities :— = . 7 3 8 | 3 E a o0) & = aig 3) a 3 Bea ee ee 3 3 a a .
sets * ie Ee 3 g 8 EI 3 3 Zi/S/B/8 /S/8/S alesis a to}. “ rat Pees Si eves ees ea fea ees s]os z vo A a thea reer neta Gare 2-4. | 1-9 10°15 | 0-7 | 0-3 | 1°8 | 0°3 | 3-1 | 2°2 [0°75 | 0-4 Jad. California. Presented by J. H. i 2 « . o 5 "75 | 0° 0 |2°15 0°75 | 0-4 | ad. Gurney, Esq. .......--..:000eeeee 2°2 | 1:9 |O-15 | 0°7 ]0°32 11°75 | 03 | 3 ‘i . 2°311:8510°15|0°7[0°33|1°7|0°3|3°1|2°2[0°75|0-4Jad.9 Hab. The Palexarctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, Nearctic, and Neotropical Regions. Inthe Palearctic Region generally distributed from Southern : 0 Cuba.(TypeofScotophiluscu-i bensis, Y=) sn caeseverscerveerese Cuba. (Type of ape aunts 23} 18 i, -15 | 0°7 0°33 1-75 0°3 |3°15 | 2-2 [0°75 | 0-4 | ad. macleayti, GLA.) vere. vereesees 0°15 | 0°7 |0 $
194 VESPERTILIONID.
England to Siberia, and from Northern Germany to Northern Africa, extending through Arabia and Asia Minor to India, where it inhabits the valleys of the Himalayas. In the Ethiopian Region found as far south as the Gaboon, probably passing along the line of hills extending down the western side of Africa to the Cameroon mountains. In the New World apparently generally distributed from Lake Winnipeg to Central America, and throughout the West-Indian islands.
a-e. ad. sks. England. Old Collection. J. ad. sk. Tintagle Castle, Old Collection. Cornwall.
g,h. ad. sk. Isle of Wight. — Bond, Esq. [P.]. z% Q ad., al. Isle of Wight. Rev. C. Bury [P j. ad. sk. Europe.
Kk. 9 ad., al. Europe. Leyden Museum [P.]. l. dad, al. Moravia.
m. 9 ad., al. Tubingen. Zool. Soc. Coll. n. Jo ad., al. Tiibingen. Dr. Giinther [P.]. o. 2 ad, al. Silesia.
p-t. bad., al. Transylvania. Messrs. Danford & Brown [P.]. u-w. 6& Qad,al. Isar-fakir, Central OC. G. Danford, Esq. [P.]. Asia Minor.
v. 9 ad., al. Shiraz. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]y. ad. sk. India.
z. ad. sk. India. Capt. Boys [C.]. (Type of Seotophilus pachyomus, Tomes.) a, fd ad., al. Zool. Soc. Coll. v-g'. 3 & 9, al. M. Lidth de Jeude. h'. o imm., al v'. & ad., al.
i. ad. sk. (Labelled V. turcomanus.) ? Asia Minor. k'. ad. sk.
l’. foetus, al. M. Lidth de Jeude. m', ad., al. Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. n'. ad. sk. Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C. | o', skull of e'.
Var. @.
a-d. 6& 9 ad.,al. Gaboon, W. Africa. Purchased. Var. B. (V. fuscus.} a. ad. sk. North America, b. ad. sk. New York. Purchased. c« fad, al Monterey, Cali- J. H. Gurney, Esq. fornia.
d. $ ad., al. Cuba. J.S. Macleay [P.]. (T A sd « of Seotophilus macleayit, Gray.) e. Qad.,a.
(Type of Seotophilus eubensis, Gray.) f. Q ad, al. Cuba. G. E. Dobson, M.B. [E.}- (Vespertiio dutertracus, Gervais.) g. ad. sk. Barbados.
h. Q ad., al. PN. America. Smithsonian Institute. (Scotophilus carolinensis (Geoffroy), Allen.) i. ad. sk,
6. VESPERUGO. 195 6. Vesperugo andersoni.
Vesperus andersoni, Dobson, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 211. Vesperugo andersoni, Dodson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 110, figs. a, b, ¢ (1876).
Head broad and flat; muzzle thick ; nostrils opening sublaterally, without intervening emargination ; ears moderate, with rounded tips, inner Margin convex, with a small lobe at the base, outer edge with a shallow but wide emargination beneath the tip, then convex, and again emarginate opposite the base of the tragus, terminating by forming a small lobe midway between the base of the tragus and the angle of the mouth; tragus obtusely pointed, broadest slightly below the middle, inner margin straight, outer margin with a small rounded lobe at the base, succeeded by a shallow emargination, then convex upwards to its junction with the inner margin. Toes longer than half the whole foot. Tail of eight vertebrae, the last vertebra free.
The fur of the head and body is moderately long and dense; anteriorly it passes forwards upon the face in front of the eyes as far as the commencement of the glandular prominences of the upper lip, from which only a few long hairs arise; the portion of the face about the eye and in front of the base of the inner margin of the ear is also naked; but the space between the base of the tragus and the angle of the mouth is covered with long hair. In front the ears are naked, except where a few very short hairs appear on the upper and inner sides of the conch; posteriorly the fur of the head encroaches on their bases, but more than one half of their posterior surfaces is completely naked. On the upper surface the fur of the back extends upon the wing-membrane as far as a line drawn from the junction of the proximal and middle thirds of the humerus to the middle of the femur; posteriorly it extends as far only as the root of the tail; and the interfemoral membrane has but a few very fine hairs dusted over its anterior surface as far as the end of the second caudal vertebra. Beneath, the distribution of the fur on the wing-membranes is similar to that on the upper surface, but somewhat more extended; a line of fine thinly spread hairs passes out along the posterior margin of the humerus and forearm to the carpus; posteriorly, the fur of the abdomen covers the root of the tail only, and three fourths of the surface of the interfemoral membrane is occupied by a few thinly spread, very fine, minute hairs. Fur, above, dark brown with greyish tips; beneath, light greyish brown for two thirds the length of the hairs, the remaining portion ashy.
Dentition as in V. serotinus.
Length, head and body 2'"6, tail 1’-9, head 0°95, ear 0"-75, tragus 03x 0"1, forearm 2-15, thumb 0-35, third finger 3-6, fifth finger 2-6, tibia 0-83, caleaneum 0'7, foot 0-4, Hab. Momein, Yunan.
Type in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. This species resembles V. serotinus generally, but he compara- 0
196 VESPERTILIONIDE.
tively smaller and narrower ears at once distinguish it. Added to this, the extremity of the tail does not project by the last two vertebree as in V. serotinus, the last caudal vertebra being alone free, and the foot is smaller. The differences in the distribution of the fyr are described above.
7. Vesperugo hilarii.
Vespertilio hilarii, Is. Geoffroy, Ann. des Sci. Nat, iii. p. 441 (1824). Vespertilio derasus, Burmeister, Fauna Brasiliens, p. 77 (1854). Vesperus hilarii, Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Séugeth. v. p. 757 (1855). Fars like those of the Serotine, but the concavity occupying the upper half of the outer margin of the ear-conch is conspicuously deeper, and the tragus is longer and narrower; laid forwards, the extremities of the ears extend nearly to the end of the nose; the face in front of the eyes is nearly naked, and the labial glands are more developed than in any other species of the genus. Wings from the base of the toes : postcalcaneal lobe shallow ; last caudal vertebra and half the antepenultimate vertebra free. Fur dark brown above and beneath, the extremities of the hairs paler; beneath, the terminal third of the hairs are paler than on the upper surface.
Teeth as in the preceding species.
Length (of an adult 3), head and body 2'"15, tail 1-65, ear 0'"7, tragus 0'3, forearm 1°45, thumb 0:3, third finger 2”-65, fifth finger 1-9, tibia 0'"55, foot 0'-35.
Length (of the type specimen), tail 1"°7, forearm 1-45, thumb 0”-3, fifth finger 2”, tibia 0'°6.
Hab. Neotropical Region (Brazil, Rio Janeiro, Port Alegre). a, ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.
b, ad. sk. Rio Janeiro. Earl of Derby [P.].
e. ad. sk, Earl of Derby [ P.].
d. ad. sk. No history.
8. Vesperugo platyrhinus.
Vesperugo (Vesperus) platyrhinus, Dobson, Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. 1875, xvi. p. 262.
Muzzle broad and obtuse; glandular prominences large, smoothly rounded; nostrils opening near the margin of the upper lip, on a level with the rounded extremity of the muzzle, not emarginate between. The front of the muzzle is evenly bevelled off from the summit of the glandular elevations to the margin of the upper lip; and the nasal apertures are narrow, appearing as small oblique slits in the front of the muzzle (Plate XII. fig. 1, head, enlarged). Ears and tragus as in V. kuhliz.
Wings from the base of the toes; postcalcaneal lobe small but distinct ; last caudal vertebra half free.
Fur, above, dark brown; paler towards the tip; beneath, similar, the extremities of a lighter colour than on the upper surface. Upper incisors long, faintly bifid at the extremities; outer incisors very short, scarcely equalling the cingulum of the inner ones ;